Introduction Theoretical Theories Of Investment Economics Essay

Presentation Theoretical Theories Of Investment Economics Essay Speculation is a vital variable in the assurance of the level and development of salary. It has been characterized in different manners by different financial analysts. For the most part, it alludes to any demonstration of going through with a forthcoming yield. To the financial analyst, it alludes decisively to the procedure of capital development whereby there is net expansion to the current resources remembering inventories and merchandise for the pipeline of creation. It is the real creation of capital hardware, instruments and other delivered methods for creation. Venture may be capital arrangement: Financial Capital and Physical or genuine capital. There are gross, net and independent ventures where: Net Investment= Net Investment + Autonomous Investment Self-ruling Investment otherwise called Government Investment alludes to speculation which continues as before whatever the degree of salary. It alludes for the most part to the speculation made on houses, streets, open structures and different pieces of Infrastructure made by the administration. Besides Gross speculation is the sum that an organization has contributed on an advantage or business without mulling over considering in devaluation. As it were it is the aggregate sum of cash spent for the formation of new capital resources like Plant and Machinery, Factory Building and so forth. It is the absolute consumption made on new capital resources in a period. Besides in financial matters, Net Investment alludes to an action of spending which will cause an expansion in the accessibility of fixed capital merchandise or methods for creation. It is the all out spending on new fixed venture less substitution speculation, which essentially replaces deteriorated capital merchandise. Truth be told it is Gross venture less Capital Consumption during a timeframe. Private Investment relies upon different classes of factors. So different hypotheses of speculation have been introduced and they are given overleaf:- Fisher Theory of Investment This hypothesis was created in 1930. Fishers hypothesis was initially evolved as a hypothesis of capital, however as he accept that all capital is coursing, at that point it is similarly as appropriate to think about it as a hypothesis of venture. It was given by Fisher that during the creation procedure, all capital is spent, with the end goal that a load of capital K didn't exist. Truth be told all capital is simply speculation. There was a condition forced by Fisher expressing that Investment in some random timeframe will yield yields in the home time frame. This is represented through the condition beneath: Y2=F [N,I1] Y2 = Output in period 2 I1 = Investment done in period 1 N = work Accepting a world with just two timeframes, t=1, 2. Venture done in period 1 yields yield in period 2. Also Fisher expect that work is steady Keynesian Theory The Keynesian hypothesis was created after that John Maynard Keynes (1936) stuck to this same pattern of the Fisher hypothesis. Keynes expressed that there is an autonomous speculation work in the economy. A significant part of the Keynesian hypothesis is that in spite of the fact that reserve funds and speculation must be indistinguishable, ex-post investment funds and venture choices are settled on by various leaders and there is motivation behind why ex-bet reserve funds should rise to ex-risk venture. As per Trygve Haavelmo (1960) The Keynesian methodology puts far less accentuation on the change idea of venture. Rather, they will in general have a progressively social interpretation of the speculation choice. In particular, the Keynesian methodology contends that speculation is basically what business people do. Each period, laborers devour and entrepreneurs contribute as per usual. They accept that the primary choice is the venture choice; the capital stock just follows from th e speculation designs instead of being something imperative that should be ideally chosen Quickening agent Principle Theory In the course of recent decades, the increasing speed rule has assumed a fundamental job in the hypothesis of Investment. Indeed, this hypothesis was created before the Keynesian hypothesis; anyway it got obvious after Keynes speculation hypothesis in the twentieth century. The quickening agent is by and large connected with the name of J.M Clark however it appears to have been first evolved by the French business analyst Albert Aftalion. The premise of the quickening agent guideline depends on the way that adjustments in factors influencing national pay would influence venture. As such, huge rates changes are seen because of little in buyer spending. This kind of speculation is known as instigated venture since; it is initiated by changes in utilization and salary. Besides, the quickening agent is only the numerical estimation of the connection between the increments in speculation brought about by an expansion in salary. Regularly, it will be certain when national salary increments . Then again, it may tumble to zero if the national yield or pay remains costant. Neo-Classical Theory In 1971, the neoclassical methodology which is an adaptation of the adaptable quickening agent model was defined by Jorgenson and others. Adaptable Accelerator Model is a progressively broad type of the quickening agent model. It is expected that organizations will pick just a small amount, an, of the hole among wanted and current genuine degree of capital stock every period. The bigger the hole between the ideal capital stock and the genuine capital stock, the more noteworthy an organizations pace of venture. This is outlined underneath: I = a [K* - K-1] I = arranged net venture during period t K* = wanted degree of capital stock K-1 = current real degree of capital stock at start of period t (end of period t-1) a = modification factor, 0 The ideal capital stock is relative to yield and the financial specialists cost of capital which thusly relies upon the cost of capital products, the genuine pace of intrigue, the pace of deterioration and the expense structure. It is critical to take note of that latest exact works depend on Jorgenson venture work. Truth be told Jorgenson gives that a diminishing in loan cost would cause an expansion in speculation by lessening the expense of capital. In 1967, Hall and Jorgenson give the Hall Jorgenson Model of Investment. The model delineates that the degree of capital stock that is picked by an enhancing firm rely upon different monetary highlights like the creation work, deterioration rates, charges, financing costs. Truth be told Hall and Jorgenson had utilized the neoclassical hypothesis of ideal capital collection to break down the connection between charge strategy and venture consumptions. They reasoned that charge strategy is exceptionally compelling in changing the level and timing on Investment consumptions. Q hypothesis of Investment The Q hypothesis of Investment, presented by Tobin (1969) is a prominently acknowledged hypothesis of genuine speculation. Truth be told it is a fundamental instrument utilized for monetary market analysis.It is a positive capacity of Qwhich can be characterized as the proportion of the market estimation of the current money to the substitution cost of capital. Q can be characterized as follows: Q=Stock Value of Firm/Replacement cost of Investment Q is a gauge for speculators as it will in general survey an organizations prospect. At the point when Q is more noteworthy than one, the firm would make extra venture on the grounds that the benefits produced would be more prominent than the expense of firms resources. On the off chance that Q is short of what one, the firm would be in an ideal situation selling its advantages as opposed to attempting to put them to use as the organizations esteem is not as much as what it cost to recreate their capital. The perfect state is the place Q is roughly equivalent to one meaning that the firm is in harmony. The Q hypothesis of venture can likewise rely upon change cost. Writing on this issue was finished by Eisner and Strotz (1963), Lucas (1967), Gould (19678) and Tredway (1969). Later Mussa (1977), Abel (1979, 1982) and Yoshikawa (1980) indicated that Investment is an expanding capacity of the shadow cost of introduced capital. This is such just when there are arched alteration costs. Peripheral Q Model of Investment In addition Abel (1981) and Hayaski (1982) presented the minor q model related with smooth curved expenses of alterations. They accept that capital market are great, to such an extent that venture is embrace until the minor estimation of an extra unit of speculation has diminished to the specific estimation of the riskless loan cost. Abel (1981) depicts minimal q as The ideal pace of Investment is an expanding capacity of the incline of the worth capacity as for the capital stock (negligible q). Abe; states that an expansion in any components that influence cost can cause an increment, a diminish or even don't influence speculation rate. The impact will rely upon the covariance indication of the cost with a weighted normal everything being equal. Hayaski (1982) gives that under straight homogeneity, negligible q is equivalent to average q. Anyway when negligible q isn't equivalent to average q, it is minimal q which is applicable for venture. Truth be told minimal q is only a stochas tic rendition of the Q hypothesis of Investment. Neo-Classical hypothesis and Q hypothesis of Investment (Panageas 2005) As indicated by Stravos Panageas (2005), the neoclassical hypothesis gives that Investment and the financial exchange are connected through the Tobin q. This is on the grounds that the net present estimation of the organization is the estimation of the organization, so when the financial exchange is ascending, there ought to be an expansion in Investment to liken the Q proportion. This includes theory. Panageas (2005) states that If firms expands share costs, at that point Investment responds to estimate overpricing. Anyway he likewise gives that when venture is constrained by investors, who don't have ideal access to the market, the connection among venture and hypothesis won't hold. There may be expenses to get to the market like capital additions charges, value pressure and so forth. The model utilized by Panageas likewise help to recognize balanced and social speculations of benefit estimating oddities. Models related with non-raised expenses There are likewise models with Non-arched expenses of changes. Lord and Thomas (2006) states

Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource - Essay Example Social needs are the following degree of need in the chain of importance. After the fulfillment of the physiological needs and the wellbeing needs the following need is the requirement for significant connections and to be acknowledged in the general public. An organization’s interior workplace chooses the significance of this need. At the point when an association has a participatory administration style, the laborers begin to feel some portion of the association and this assists with expanding their inspiration by fulfilling their social needs. An association can be utilized this need to expand the inspiration of its laborers. The administration can frame groups/clubs inside the association to perceive great entertainers. Accomplishments at work can be remunerated to build the dedication of the representatives towards their occupations. Regard needs which follow the social needs are worried about sense of pride, sentiment of individual worth, sentiment of being interesting a nd conspicuous. This need can be utilized decidedly by acknowledgment and valuation for the laborers. A definitive need in the chain of command is the self-completion needs which assists with accomplishing one’s maximum capacity. This is identified with the advancement of natural capacities which lead individuals to look for circumstances that can use their latent capacity. These arrangement of necessities can be fulfilled by making open doors for the laborers who can control ahead themselves. The degrees of progressive system in an association ought to be limited and the work force can be engaged to design and execute their assignments which can inspire them to accomplish their maximum capacity.

The 5 Stages of Consciousness Evolution

The 5 Stages of Consciousness Evolution This article will open your eyes about the different levels your consciousness can reach. You will discover where you stand amongst others based on what drives you and what stops you in your way. Read this article till its end in order to discover where you stand amongst your peers when it comes to your consciousness level.Are you on the high functioning end of people who can always achieve what they go for? Or are you bound by the expectations of society?How do those questions relate to your state of consciousness?WHAT IS CONSCIOUSNESS?Consciousness is one of those concepts that there are very difficult to define and explain. It is the question that has bothered philosophers for a long time. One of the reasons that it is very difficult to explain is there is nothing to compare it with. How would you describe seeing colors to a blind person? How would you explain what chocolate tastes like to someone who doesn’t have any taste buds? How would you explain the sense of feeling happy to someone who is incapable of feelings â€" a sociopath?According to psychology today when it comes to the definition of consciousness there are easy and difficult questions. Easy questions are questions such as:How does the mind understand information and categorizes it?How does the focus of attention work?What are the differences between the various mental states?Those questions are easy because to answer to them you just need to explain the mechanisms behind those behaviors. To answer you mainly need to turned to the neuroscience. The difficult questions are questions that might never find their answers:At what point does matter gain consciousness?When does a newborn child get their consciousness â€" is it before after birth?Does the consciousness of animals differ from ours?What makes the answers to those questions so difficult is we cannot see how it works. The cause and effect relationship is not clear. Some argue that the difficult questions will never be answered. Some are trying to create theories based on inductions about what we already know.According to physicalism, consciousness is entirely a variable of the physical. Identity theorists believe that the mental Is equal to the physical. It is just a difference of how we experience it. We are subjective because we are subjective. We only know our brains from the inside and that creates bias in our minds that our minds are more than they are. According to functionalism our mental state is the function of the role that we have been given. The brain is considered to be little different than just a biological implantation of a computer. We are just what we are, because we are supposed to perform tasks for ourselves and others. We’re nothing more than machines. Obviously this theory has been attacked before for not explaining we still have consciousness even if we do not have a role in a particular situation. The consciousness of realizing we are who we are is not necessary for us to perform our tasks . Then why have it?And, finally, according to dualism, the mental state can be explained by the physical world, just not entirely. Not well enough, at least, to answer the difficult questions. There is a famous concept in support of dualism. Let’s say there is a brilliant scientist that is locked in a black-and-white room dressed in black-and-white clothing who explores the world through a black-and-white TV. Name is Martha. She is not a stranger to the concept of color. She knows how the eye works. She knows about the different wavelengths that are manifesting themselves as colors in humans’ eyes. She knows the names of the colors. She knows that a tomato is red, and a cherry is red, an apple can be red and the raspberry is red. And all those reds are different from the red of the strawberry. But if she is let out of her prison she will still experience something new when she sees the strawberry. She will experience what it is like to see the color of the fruit. And that is ano ther experience. And that is another type of knowledge.WHY THINK OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN LEVELS?By now we have deduced that achieving a higher level of consciousness means you are achieving a higher level of knowledge about the world. Going to a higher level of consciousness will bring you new experiences, new feelings, and maybe even something you will experience as new senses.But if consciousness is so difficult to even define, why would you try to think about consciousness in levels?If it is so difficult to know what consciousness is, how could you categorize experiencing your own consciousness and put it in little boxes in your mind?Well, that is precisely the reason why. The reason why consciousness is so difficult to define is because you cannot compare it to anything else. But you can compare the different stages of consciousness. Because of the experiences that you get to achieve in every single stage. Some people have looked at the subject and have defined levels.And why levels ? Why not just the categories of consciousness? Because a higher level of consciousness is something to achieve. You can work on it. And you can get there. And you can track your progress all the way there. Watch Vishen Lakhiani explain the concept of Consciousness Engineering and how he came to the decision to create a school to teach it. THE LEVEL OF NECESSITIESThe early man is the zero level of consciousness. It is a state of consciousness we are supposed to have passed as humans. The early men were hunter-gatherers. They were not much different than the animals they were hunting. Their stamina, their speed, their relentlessness, and their slightly higher intelligence put them on top of the food chain. On the consciousness level, however, they were little different. As the human species developed, an interesting change happens. Individuals learn to dress themselves. They put on clothing because they are cold and because they are naked. Hunt becomes more than a way to catch prey. In becomes a ritual with multitudes of returning values. The animal is used for its meat, it’s skin and its bones. They learned to gather food. That involved knowing where there is an abundance of edibles. They had to realize the importance of those places for them and their families. They had to prepare and go on long journeys to get there. Not long after, farming followed. The early men learned that they could cultivate some of the plants and they could use them for food and other benefits. They could shelter animals they could use for their meat, milk, eggs, and skin. They learned how to take care of them. They adopted practices and rituals that preserve them from the outside world. They would start forming societies â€" big families where they could take care of each other, take care of the plants and their animals. They developed the concept of shared benefits and shared danger. While animals knew what danger was, the early humans recognized danger for themselves and the othe rs. They could define the source of the danger, the location of the danger, the time the danger puts them and the greatest risk, and they could warn and shelter their close ones from it.The early men started living together, because of need, and that created the basis for forming tribes, cities, for conceptualizing religion, for starting to create the basics of cognitive culture.It created the basics for the modern man.THE LEVEL OF CONCEPTSThe early man was little different from an animal. The modern man reaches the first level of consciousness. From level zero to level one. Sadly, this is where the majority of humanity stands today. Level one of consciousness is defined by the duality of one’s idea of the world. At level one, a person has distinctive concepts about the physical world and the spiritual world. We realize that we are bound by the physical world. We live in our bodies and if we get sick we die. If we get hit by a rock it hurts. We experience physical pleasures throug h our body even though they manifest in our mind. And we have a completely different concept of the cognitive world of culture, religion and society. Created by men. Language is a great part of the way we understand the world of ideas. Language facilitates our practices, our rituals, our communication and our thoughts.We slave to abstract concepts. God. Love. Career. Friends.Tradition.Success.Culture.Me. All of those concepts feel very real to us. You feel most of them like physical need. You can’t live without water. And you probably can’t live without love. But you can run your fingers through water. Love is a function of consciousness. All of the books that are written on those subjects. The cliché of following a career â€" most of the concepts shown above have become so trivial they feel like they really exist in the physical world but they don’t.We think about businesses, brands, organizations, budgets, motivation, mentoring, racism, sexism. All of those are societal con cepts. And we regard them as physical objects. As if the laws of physics would apply to them. As if they are unchangeable. Success only happens if you work hard? You can only achieve something in your career if you go to college? While level one of consciousness is a step above level zero, it has a serious flaw. We create our own concepts, we trivialize them, and we regard them as if they are a part of the physical world. We create the concept of right and wrong.The majority of humanity exists at this level of consciousness. Most people live their lives judging something is good or bad as soon as they come across it. They never question authority. They never question what they have been taught by their parents, by their school, or by their religion or society. THE LEVEL OF QUESTIONINGLevel two is the step over level one because this is where you realize that things are not just black and white. You’re not so sure in your judgements and the judgements of your parents, your school, your society, your government.You start to question a lot of things you thought were set in stone. You question your religion. What is God? Where is he? Or she? All of them? Is God always right? Even when he is violent? Even when he punishes the innocent people? You question your raising. Why do my parents tell me this or that? Should I be more liberal or more conservative than them in my views of the world? Are my spiritual beliefs really reflected by the religion I was raised in?You question the education system? Am I really learning something that will prepare me for the later stages of life? Am I learning everything I need? Why is this entire experience so expensive? Why do other people seem to succeed even though I have a higher education than them? Am I being taught how to think? By people who don’t seem to think at all? You question your system of values. Should I just pursue a career all my life? Should I pursue happiness? Should I pursue money? Should I pursue love? Am I allowed to dream or am I risking too much? Should I post your career that could turn out to be a dead end? You start thinking about creating your own rules. That puts you on a path where you could develop yourself, where you could learn a lot about yourself and the world, why you couldn’t grow as a person and a spiritual being. You can grow and expand your abilities in every aspect of your life. If you always questioned the rules you will always know if you are on the right path. You will know.When dealing with your children, you will know you are not instilling in them just anything passed down on your by your parents or your religion. When doing meditation or just taking care of your mental health you will know you’re not bound by any concepts that aren’t yours. That you are thinking for yourself.When you’re trying to explore your consciousness, nothing will stop you.You will only do the things that work for you. In a funny way you are a life hacker. Because every time you follow tradition you know that you do because it works. And every time you do something new you know you’re doing it because it works. You find your own destiny. You follow your own way. You can hack reality. You’re ready for the state of the limitless. THE LEVEL OF THE MISSIONWhile at level two your question the traditional way of living, at level three, you’re no longer interested in tradition at all. As a life hacker, you might have been concerned that your parents see another way of life for you. That they wanted you to get educated with good grades, go to college, have a great career, marry have children, and grow   old with your partner.You have questioned their intentions for you. You might have even compared yourself against people who have taken this way of life â€" your roommate from college, your classmates, other people from your hometown. You asked yourself if they are happy. You asked yourself if they think they are successful. You asked yourself if this is the right way to go by your parents will. Regardless of what your answer was for yourself you asked those questions.At this level, you are only interested by your mission in life whatever it is. This is the way most great minds in our generation think about the world. Nothing interests them. Nothing motivates them as much as one driving power. An almost mysterious driving power that only speaks to them. Their calling.And it is very clear to them exactly how they’re supposed to live their lives. Exactly what gets them vertical in the morning. Exactly what the next step will be. They are filled with a sense of purpose for what they should be doing with their reality. They are always characterized by four concepts and That would become intrinsic into their internal beliefs. First of all, they feel a sense of unity with the world. They are never prejudiced or biased against anyone. They feel they have their place within the family that is our planet. Second, they believe their guts. They have a very strong feeling for their internal intuition. They believe in their sixth sense. Third, they feel inspired. Their driving power is very strong and it fills them with intention and motivation. They feel they are about to serve the world by fulfilling their mission.And last, they believe in their destiny. Luck is on their side. They feel lucky. Everything they do and everything that happens to them coincides and synchronizes with the universe to bring them to where they have to be. They’re always positive, enthusiastic and optimistic about the world. These are the people that have grown over their necessities. They are not ruled by needs. They have released themselves from dogmas. They do not live the life according to what society believes is good or a bad, right or wrong. They have their own answers for their questions.They believe they are responsible for their own faith, that they have a mission given to them by the power higher than God. That they are here for a reas on. And that they have a mission to fulfill, and by working towards their mission, they are serving society, humanity, and the world.In that, they are godlike.THE LEVEL OF GODWhen you are unbound from any believes that are not yours, when you feel a mysterious connectedness with the world, when you feel you have a calling that you need to serve. When you feel you have a place in this world you are with a godlike mind.At this level of consciousness you experience a beautiful state of mind of interconnectedness with the world. It is a level of consciousness that is very difficult to describe. Like Martha and the color of the strawberry, it is something to be experienced. People who have tapped into this level of consciousness describe a feeling of thankfulness, peace, being content, feeling an exhilaration from life. For most of humanity this is a state of consciousness that is very difficult to achieve. Most of us will only have short experiences operating on that level. However, it is a level to strive for. Whoever has experienced the godlike mind, changes forever. They change for good and they change for the better. CONCLUSIONWhile the information about the different stages of consciousness is definitely interesting, like Martha in the black and white room, it is not something to learn about. It is something to experience. You cannot go from the zero level to the godlike mind. You need to grow through all of the levels, taking your time and reaching for the benefits of every level, tearing the boundaries that keep you low. It takes time. It takes dedication. It takes a spiritual openness. It takes faith. Once you have taken on the right way don’t give up. Start a diary and describe your experiences. You have a long way in front of you. It’s a bumpy road.You might feel you were very successful one day, and feel stumped the next one â€" by past mistakes, by regrets, by the heavyweight of society on you, by expectations from others, by constant misunderstand ing. You will find people with closed minds will not like you too much when you are different. When you leave your life in the way they never could. When you are free and want to forge your own destiny, while they are bound by the limits of their own minds. Be brave and if you live the way you feel is right.

Essay Government Funding of Stem Cell Research - 775 Words

In the 2004 presidential election, one of the most controversial issues facing voters was the battle over embryonic stem cell research. In the weeks leading up to the election, polls were indicating that 47 percent of Bush supporters agreed that the destruction of embryo cells is unethical; however, 53 percent of Bush voters supported stem cell research. The overwhelming majority of Kerry backers also supported stem cell research, indicating that the majority of American voters support stem cell research. Embryonic stem cell research, while still in its infancy, has the potential to treat or perhaps even cure more than 100 million people suffering from a variety of illnesses and conditions. Scientists agree that stem cells could be one†¦show more content†¦In an October 25, 2004 Newsweek article, researcher Dr. Susan Fisher states, the infusion of private money is indispensable, but it will never fill the gaps in funding created by federal restrictions. In the same New sweek article, Nobel Prize winner Dr. Peter Agre argues, relying on private money is like saying we could open the public schools from 10 to 10:15, but you are welcome to send your kids to private school. History tells us that there are positive advantages to the governments involvement in treating human diseases. Federal funding hastened the development of polio vaccine as well as many other vaccines to prevent communicable diseases. An editorial for the Life Sciences Institute written by Richard Lempert and Jack Dixon in 2001 states, what is clear is the fact that without federal funding the progress of understanding the properties of stem cells will be much slower. Given the current public opinion surveys on the subject of stem cell research, one may argue that many citizens feel there is a need to accelerate progress rather than impede it. Many scientists believe that federal funding is also critical to ensure the oversight that will be necessary for expanding stem cell research. There are those who believe that the possibility of abuse and public safety concerns are real and vastly understated inShow MoreRelatedResearch On Stem Cell Research1582 Words   |  7 Pagesis beginning to fall behind in its advancement in research compared to the rest of the world due, to the lack of federal funding. One advancement which creates conflicts and dilemmas is stem cell research. The conflicts are specific types of stem cells are unethical and not morally right to research on, but not all stem cells are this way. Stem cell research is the study of different types of stem cells and their possible clinical uses. Stem cells can be developed to act as treatments for differentRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being a cureRead More Stem Cell Research Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research What is a Stem Cell? Stems cells are immature cells found in embryos that can develop into any kind of specialized cells. They can form virtually any cell of the human body. These types of stem cells are known as pluripotent cells. Multipotent cells are stem cells that are more mature; they can be found in adults and children. 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Stem cells are special cells that have the abilityRead MoreFederal Funds Should Be Used for Embryonic Stem Cell Research1401 Words   |  6 PagesAre embryonic stem cells the cure to many of the human body’s ailments, including defective organs and crippling diseases, or is their use a blatant disregard of human rights and the value of life?   Thanks to the rapid advancements in this field, the potential benefits of stem cells are slowly becoming reality.   However, embryonic stem cell research is an extremely divisive topic in the United States thanks to the ethical issues surrounding terminating embryos to harvest the stem cells.   In responseRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Pros And Cons1664 Words   |  7 Pagesresearchers have been studying the miraculous potential of human embryonic stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells, also known as hESC, have the ability to develop into any kind of specialized cells in the human body, ranging from as simple as a skin cell to as complex as a neuron. This â€Å"miracle cure,† however, comes with a great cost; the stem cells have to be extracted from a human embryo, completely destroying it. Research institutions often obtain embryos either from abortion clinics or, most commonlyRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being a cureRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discove ries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this question

Essay on Fidel Castro - 855 Words

Biography of Fidel Castro Fidel Castro was born on August 14, 1927 in Mayari, Cuba. His parents were relatively wealthy and owned a sugarcane plantation. During his childhood, he attended private Catholic Schools and graduated to attend the University of Havana in 1945. His teachers immediately noticed Fidels amazing memory, which he used to memorize entire books. At the university, he majored in law studies and became a member of several groups that opposed the Cuban regime, aiding exiles from the Dominican Republic in their political movement. The Cuban government dissolved the group in 1947 and Fidel joined in protests in Bogota that were intended to stop the Ninth International Conference of American States. He graduated with his†¦show more content†¦After a year, Batista granted amnesty to all political prisoners, including Fidel, and they were released. He had not lost his revolutionary attitude and moved to Mexico and form a new army of guerillas to overthrow the Cuban government. There he met Che Guevara, who was serving as a medical intern in Mexico City. They quickly joined forces and assembled a group of eighty-two guerillas, training them in the art of war. The group was called the 26th of July, in memory of the attack on the barracks in 1953. On December 2, 1956, the group returned to Cuba using a boat. When a man fell overboard, Fidel refused to continue until he was found. They landed, but the group was quickly destroyed by the Cuban army. The few survivors, including Fidel and Che, went into the mountains to hide. There they were able to conduct small hit-and-run operations as well as initiate a propaganda campaign that helped them to gain public support. Over two years, his group gained enough strength to force Batista to leave Cuba on January 1, 1959. Fidel moved to Havana and appointed himself the premier of Cuba. During his first speech as premier, a dove landed on his shoulder, causing the highly religious people of Cuba to believe that he was a messenger of God. He promised a government free of corruption and honest to the people, and kept most of the Cuban Constitution of 1940. However, his word was not kept and over the years heShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro2633 Words   |  11 PagesThere are many views that pe ople have of Cuba’s Fidel Castro. Castro is a figure with opinions on both ends of the spectrum. While he is not worldly popular at this point in his life, he was immensely beneficial to his country. Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba for the past 50 years may not be viewed in the best light, but he did phenomenal things for his people which makes him one of the most undervalued and overlooked political figures. Fidel Castro Ruz was born in Biran, Cuba on August 13, 1926 (BritannicaRead MoreFidel Castro5049 Words   |  21 PagesFidel Castro’s Influence on the Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959 The year was 1953 and Fidel Castro was a dashing and daring reformer that was determined to make a impact in a country that was ruled by an unjust president. With the Movement strong and confident, Castro delivered these strong words to his group of men: â€Å"In a few hours you will be victorious or defeated, but regardless of the outcome – listen well, friends – this Movement will triumph. If you win tomorrow, the aspirations of Martà ­ willRead MoreFidel Castro Is Alive1443 Words   |  6 Pages Upon his release, Castro went to Mexico where he spent the next year organizing the 26th of July Movement, which was based on the date of the failed Santiago de Cuba barracks attack. On December 2, 1956, Castro and the rest his fellow rebels of the 26th of July Movement landed on Cuban soil with the intention of starting a revolution. They were only met with the welcome of heavy Batista defenses, causing nearly everyone in the Movement to be killed. Barely anyone escaped, and those who did whichRead MoreEssay on Fidel Castro1274 Words   |  6 PagesFidel Castro The first journey for Christopher Columbus to the New World landed him in what we know as present day Cuba. The Spaniards occupied the island because of the great location and marketable importance that came about in the eighteenth century. Throughout time, Cuba has been under the control of dominant countries, such as Spain and the United States. The colonization process has been the consistent factor in Latin American countries, leaving the colonized without a senseRead MoreBiography of Fidel Castro1982 Words   |  8 PagesFidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926 in the Bà ­ran, Cuba. (See Figure 5) Fidel grew up in wealthier circumstances than most Cubans at the time, amid the massive and growing poverty. His father, à ngel Castro y Argiz, was originally an immigrant from Spain. During Fidel’s childhood, à ngel was a fairly prosperous sugarcane farmer on a farm that had been dominated by United States owned United Fruit Company. His mother, Lina Ruz Gonzalez, was a maid to Angels first wife, during Fidel’s infancy. ByRead MoreThe Life of Fidel Castro631 Words   |  3 Pages Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz, born in Birà ¡n, Cuba on August 13, 1926, changed his country ever since he came to power. Castro’s father, à ngel Castro y Argiz, was a wealthy plantation owner and was an immigrant from Galicia, Spain. His mother, Lina Ruz Gonzà ¡lez, was à ngel’s mistress and house servant while à ngel was still married to Maria Luisa Argota. 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He is internationally recognized for being a revolutionary, a supporter of communism, and an opposition of imperialism. Eugenia Charles is just as influential and recognizable around the World. She was the first female lawyer and Prime Minister of Dominica, and only the second female Prime Minister in Caribbean History. The contributions these two individuals have had on their respective nations have led to massive improvements

The Universal Effects of Animal Cruelty Free Essays

Did you know that animals are not the only ones affected by animal cruelty? In fact, both animals and humans alike receive trauma and pain as a result of these atrocities. Many of these perpetrators involved in these harmful acts of abuse tend to not know the effects of their crimes and almost never have a good reason for doing so. Studies show that there are two types of animal cruelty: passive and active. We will write a custom essay sample on The Universal Effects of Animal Cruelty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Passive cruelty is not indirect abuse, but it involves neglect of caring for animals, whereas active cruelty is meant to purposely harm the animals and it is often associated with sociopaths. Animal cruelty is evident all around the world and includes: starving and not caring for domestic animals, testing products on animals, being utilized as shark bait, brutalizing and harming animals during film productions, and the notorious cruelty done for generation after generation without any particular reason. There has to be more laws implemented to stop harming animals overall, since the animals themselves are helpless in getting aid. Animals deserve just as much respect and rights to live in this world as humans do. Animals everywhere are just like humans and want to protect their loved ones. Animal cruelty is a worldwide issue that harms all living beings mentally and physically, therefore, in order to create a humane society for all organisms, it should altogether be stopped. First, many people think that hurting animals is harmless to us humans, but they are wrong, because many human serial killers began their first crime as animal cruelty which then graduated into human cruelty. There is a lot of evidence that shows that serial killers and abusers began with animal cruelty. If a human can abuse animals and show psychological issues, then it is possible that they can do the same harm to a human, which would solemnly cause not only harm to the animal society, but to the human society. Stopping animal cruelty and reporting people who do these malicious acts can possibly prevent human massacres as well as animal massacres. In 1997, Boston’s Northeastern University and the MSPCA did a study that found â€Å"70% of all animal abusers have committed at least 1 other crime and that 40% had committed violent crimes against humans† (Internet). This suggests that nearly half of the people that commit animal cruelty crimes also commit human cruelty crimes. Any kind of violence against a human being is inhumane and isn’t allowed, just as animal cruelty shouldn’t be allowed, seeing as many criminals have a tendency to follow up with human cruelty crimes. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebod were two high school students that killed 12 classmates and then committed suicide only after they had â€Å"bragged to friends about mutilating animals. If these acts had been reported to authorities and taken seriously, these two young men might have been put in a proper facility and helped, possibly avoiding the horrific massacre† (Internet). This suggests that the criminals aren’t the only ones who can prevent these kind of animal and human cruelty crimes, but bystanders and those who overhear people doing these such things can take one step forward and report these crimes. Given these type of examples, it should only be more motivation for every state, every country, and every continent to implement anti-animal abuse laws to save lives. Anybody can be helpful in saving many more animal lives as well as human lives, not just the government and the legal system, because animals and humans are always important to somebody. Second, most animal cruelty happens in a household and chances are there are children in these households that either grow up traumatized or influenced to repeat these atrocities. Children are more vulnerable to being corrupted from witnessing animal cruelty because these images stay with them as they grow older and they can possibly reenact these crimes themselves. The criminals either force the children in the household to watch the abuse take place or they abuse the children as well. This can cause trauma in young children, which causes them to grow up corrupted or chances are that â€Å"a child abusing an animal can grow up to be someone who commits other violent crimes† (Internet). This suggests that human children are also affected by animal cruelty as well as the animal victims. These children can be scarred for life, whether it’s mentally or physically. Children aren’t the only ones who have to observe animal cruelty going on, but they are the future of every generation and if they are broken at an early age, then they cannot make it in a stable life. Also, with a constant cycle of children witnessing animal cruelty and then committing to animal cruelty, there will only be more and more people affected by this and then it will be harder and harder to put an end to. Children at a young age will have to learn from somebody, if not their parents, and they â€Å"do not have ine control over their movements and impulses—they will want to treat their pets with love, but will need a little help from you to do it correctly† (Internet). This suggests that the adults and teenagers of the world can control how a child’s development turns out and if we do not perform animal cruelty acts in front of children then they will not be exposed to a harsh world as they grow up. The earlier we instill kindness into nurturing child development, the less they’ll turn out to be convicted of animal cruelty felonies. Third, passive and active cruelties are both common from people who only do it to feel a sense of power and authority, but that in itself is senseless since it still harms many animals and people. In most cases, â€Å"most animal abusers find some sort of fulfillment or power in torturing a victim they know can’t fight back, which is why crimes like rape and child molestation are committed. † (Internet). This suggests that the abusers want to feel superior and want to harm their pets or wild animals just to achieve this sort of power. This would be considered an unfair fight when the perpetrator knows that the animal can’t do anything to defend itself and no one would be around to help it. As Jenny Leigh says, â€Å"It is our job to be the voice for creatures who cannot speak up for themselves† (Internet). People like Jenny are affected by the violent crimes done to animals and their disturbance makes them want to find ways to help these poor animals. In other cases, the animal abusers find it amusing to perform sadism on poor animals without considering how that animal feels. One way that one could feel control by hurting an animal is for example, when a husband may hurt the family pet in order to show his wife or kids what he is capable of doing to them whenever he gets angry enough. Another person may use his or her own pet to hurt other animals just to feel a gain of power and control. These kind of people â€Å"suffer from serious, psychological problems that will probably not go away on their own†¦. Without help, the psychological problems these people have can haunt them for their whole lives† (Internet). This evidence suggests that the people who intentionally hurt animals already have some psychological issues that make them the way they are. These people need help from psychologists and people that know that they have a problem with abusing animals should aid them in receiving help to solve their problems. Lastly, most people don’t understand that they actually take part in animal cruelty and these heedless actions cause much passive cruelty, if not any active cruelty. People that are harming the animals don’t even realize the consequences of their actions and they don’t understand that it is actually a really bad thing to do. It is senseless to allow people to carelessly roam around abusing animals without even thinking about it. While active cruelty is more common and disturbing, passive cruelty isn’t any less important. In fact, it can lead to â€Å"terrible pain and suffering, and ultimately death. Examples include starvation, dehydration, untreated parasite infestations, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care† (Internet). This evidence suggests that the owners of domestic animals harm their pets in their own ignorance and neglect. Animal shelters are designed to give unsheltered animals a chance to have a provided home with a caring owner, but with neglectful owners that commit passive cruelty to their pets, it is difficult to tell if the person the shelters give the animal to can be trusted. Whether it’s active or passive cruelty, people need to be fined or arrested for hurting any kind of animals. However, some people actually think that animal cruelty is good because killing animals such as cows and chickens provide food for humans. Some say that humans need animals for food and that it is inevitable for animal cruelty to come to a complete end when there are many people out there in the world who can’t give up eating meat. â€Å"For centuries people killed animals for food and never considered it cruel. It was just a survival† (Internet). This evidence suggests that as long as people feel that they need to eat meat in order to survive, animal cruelty will not be stopped. People see meat as a basic necessity for ensuring their survival when it comes to food, so they won’t think too hard on how guilty they should feel when they learn that animal cruelty is how their food is made. In spite of that, animal cruelty should still end, because everyone could always become vegetarians since it is healthier for our planet and ourselves. The manufacturing and producing of many meats or products derived from dead animals releases many greenhouse gases on our earth and contributes to even more global warming which will eventually harm all humans and animals alike. This â€Å"little† act of animal cruelty to provide food isn’t as big as a necessity when there are plenty of greens around and when many lives won’t be harmed in the making. In conclusion, animal cruelty hurts animals and humans respectively and must be stopped in order to achieve a humane societal world. This research is important because people need to know what happens in this world. People deserve to know the truth about how the world is running itself and rather than being lied to by the government, people can be educated and informed on these worldwide issues which can then motivate them to help stop it. People will realize what animal cruelty does to animals and humans altogether and they can protest to end it or have laws implemented to ban it. Many people are disturbed, traumatized, and angered by the violent animal cruelty acts but they have no kind of power in trying to stop it, so this would be really helpful for those who are in the unknown of this issue. Works Cited Information on Animal Cruelty ASPCA 13 April 2011 http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/info-animal-cruelty Through Their Eyes, The National Animal Abuse Registry 2004, 13 April 2011 http://www.inhumane.org Leigh, Jenny. Animal Cruelty Must Stop 13 April 2011 http://www.teenink.com/hot_topics/environment/article/90968/Animal-Cruelty-Must-Stop/ 11 Facts about Animal Cruelty 13 April 2011 http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-animal-cruelty Animals Used for Food PETA 13 April 2011 http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-food/default2.aspx Beaulne-Stuebing, Laura. What’s Good about Animal Cruelty? Thrust Labs 17 January 2008, 13 April 2011 http://stayingvegan.com/vegan-university/whats-good-about-animal-cruelty/ Talking to Kids about Animal Cruelty ASPCA 2011, 13 April 2011 http://www.aspca.org/fight-animal-cruelty/talking-to-kids-about-animal.aspx Chicken Cruelty http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00044/id42.htm How to cite The Universal Effects of Animal Cruelty, Papers

The Character Of Ophelia In William Shakespeares Play Hamlet Plays A

The character of Ophelia in William Shakespeare's play hamlet plays a very interesting and important role in the elaboration of the plot. In the beginning, she is in a healthy state of mind, in love with her boy friend Hamlet, yet controlled by her father in regard to their relationship. During the play she encounters several troubling experiences involving hamlet which cause her to become distressed and confused. In act III scene 4 after the death of her father leaves Ophelia mentally unstable and in a state of madness that eventually leads her to take her own life. Ophelia and Hamlet share a common connection: the loss of a parent. Hamlet loses his father as a result of a horrible murder, as does Ophelia. In her situation is more severe because it is her lover who murders her father and all of her hopes for her future as well. Ultimately, it is also more detrimental to her character and causes her melancholy and grief to quickly turn to irretrievable madness. One incident in the play which helps in the course of Ophelia's madness. When hamlet receives the letter from Ophelia he is affected terribly by her words. The next time she is surprised and even bit frightened by his behavior. This is placing stress and mental toll on Ophelia. "Denied the opportunity for healthy psychic maturation, Ophelia appears never to have been allowed to develop a discrete sense of self apart from those others (father and brother, and later hamlet) who fashioned her identity to suit their needs"(internet web.english). He did not look like he usually does, and he acted very strange towards her. He held her by the wrist and stared deeply into her face, long and hard, then storms out, leaving her intensely troubled and saddened. After that she tells her father, and he believes that Ophelia's love is what made him mad. "that hath made him made" (II.i.110). Polonius then goes to the King and Queen to make him aware of hamlet's strange behavior and plains to spy on hamlet to prove he's gone mad. Ophelia now is left feeling guilty. "He obviously loved her but mistreated her so the people in hamlets life would not think of him getting revenge but that he was crazy over Ophelia" (Internet starbuck). When she sees Hamlet later she tries to speak with him, but is rejected coldly. He does not listen to and screams harsh words leaving her feeling worthless and embarrassed. "...I love you not." (III.i.119). "Get thee to a nunnery." (III.i.121)"...you jig, you amble, and lisp, and nickname God's creatures, and m ake you wantonness you ignorance. Go to, I'll no more on't" (III.i.146-48). This causes Ophelia to become slightly disturbed. She sits weeping while her father and the king practically step on her frail body to find out more reasons for hamlet's actions. In this state of mind all she can say is "woe O is me, to have seen what I haven seen, what I see!"(III.i.163-64). So, because of Hamlet's rudeness and rejection through this part of the play, Ophelia is driven even more closer to insanity. Ophelia is very beautiful to the eye and is admired by all. Ophelia's and hamlets love for each other in the beginning was very promising. Following the death of his father hamlet falls in love with her, and is much controlled by her father. And her father being Polonius, the advisor to the king Claudius, a very respectable position. Polonius demands that she speak with hamlet at once to say that he can no longer be with him and he tells b to give words or talk with the lord hamlet. Look to't I charge you. Come your ways."(I.iii.132-35) She feels very unimportant and helpless now, and because of this develops a lack of emotional confidence and strength. This would be the beginning of the fall out of Ophelia's mental sanity. A key role of Ophelia character is her irretrievable loss of a love object her only parent is dead and the man she loves is not only disliked by her father and brother but kills Polonius her father. Which prompts her ludicrous behavior. "Ophelia...a lyric hysteria of a fragile, overly-sensitive girl" (internet web.English). Ophelia died from from

Free Essays on Running Scared

RUNNING SCARED BY: Thomas Dygard Ever since his older brother was crippled on the field Larry Hudson has avoided Playing football. Then coach Pearce convinces him to join the Marlin State Tigers. Larry’s got a natural arm, but refuses to run the quarter back sneak there best play. So the coach makes him a â€Å"passing specialist.† It almost works until Larry frequently downs the ball to avoid being tackled. The fans are up in arms, the team is disgusted, and even the coach wonders if Larry has what it takes. It’s up to his best friend Troy to teach Larry to not be afraid of getting injured. Larry agrees to a deal with Troy, if Larry takes three hard hits every practice for the rest of the season then Larry gets Troy’s allowance for a month. The plan seems to be working Larry only downed the ball once in the next two games, winning both. It’s the last game of the season and Larry is called onto the field there’s a big roar in the crowd Troy yelling the loudest out of all the people. The game has come down to the last play. The coach asks Larry what play he wants to run. â€Å"The quarterback sneak.† Larry says. Coach Pearce is very surprised but Larry get’s the game winner. There are two important themes in this book. One being that if you have a problem you should work at it and try and improve. Another is that a good friend will always be there to help you in your time of need. This book really caught my interest. I would recommend it to someone who likes books about sports and overcoming your fears.... Free Essays on Running Scared Free Essays on Running Scared RUNNING SCARED BY: Thomas Dygard Ever since his older brother was crippled on the field Larry Hudson has avoided Playing football. Then coach Pearce convinces him to join the Marlin State Tigers. Larry’s got a natural arm, but refuses to run the quarter back sneak there best play. So the coach makes him a â€Å"passing specialist.† It almost works until Larry frequently downs the ball to avoid being tackled. The fans are up in arms, the team is disgusted, and even the coach wonders if Larry has what it takes. It’s up to his best friend Troy to teach Larry to not be afraid of getting injured. Larry agrees to a deal with Troy, if Larry takes three hard hits every practice for the rest of the season then Larry gets Troy’s allowance for a month. The plan seems to be working Larry only downed the ball once in the next two games, winning both. It’s the last game of the season and Larry is called onto the field there’s a big roar in the crowd Troy yelling the loudest out of all the people. The game has come down to the last play. The coach asks Larry what play he wants to run. â€Å"The quarterback sneak.† Larry says. Coach Pearce is very surprised but Larry get’s the game winner. There are two important themes in this book. One being that if you have a problem you should work at it and try and improve. Another is that a good friend will always be there to help you in your time of need. This book really caught my interest. I would recommend it to someone who likes books about sports and overcoming your fears....

Tips to Improve Your French Verb Conjugations

Tips to Improve Your French Verb Conjugations Conjugating French verbs in a workbook or letter is one thing, but remembering individual verb conjugations when youre speaking is another matter entirely. Here are some tips to help you get better at conjugating French verbs. Learn the Conjugations Before you can even start to worry about speaking French with correctly conjugated verbs, you have to learn the conjugations. There are hundreds of pages on this site that can help you learn how to conjugate French verbs: Present tense conjugations - lessons to help you learn the conjugation patterns for regular verbs, reflexive verbs, stem-changing verbs, impersonal verbs, and compound tensesTop 10 French verbs - lessons on à ªtre, avoir, and the next eight most common French verbsVerb timeline - table of all the French verb tenses and moods, with links to conjugation lessons Practice Conjugating Once youve learned the conjugations, you need to practice them. The more you practice, the easier it will be for you to grab the right conjugation during a  spontaneous discussion. Some of these activities might seem boring or silly, but the point is simply to get you used to seeing, hearing and speaking the conjugations - here are some ideas. Say Them Out Loud When you come across verbs while reading a book, newspaper, or French lesson, say the subject and verb out loud. Reading conjugations is good, but saying them out loud is even better, because it gives you practice both speaking and listening to the conjugation. Write Them Out Spend 10 to 15 minutes every day conjugating verbs along with the appropriate subject pronouns. You can practice writing either the conjugations for several different tenses/moods of a single verb, or all of the, for example, imperfect conjugations for several verbs. After you write them out, say them out loud. Then write them again, say them again, and repeat 5 or 10 times. When you do this, youll see the conjugations, feel what its like to say them, and hear them, all of which will help you the next time you are actually speaking French. Conjugations for Everyone Pick up a newspaper or book and look for a verb conjugation. Say it out loud, then reconjugate the verb for all the other grammatical persons. So if you see il est (he is), youll write and/or speak all of the present tense conjugations for à ªtre. When youre done, look for another verb and do the same thing. Change the Tense This is similar to the above, but this time you reconjugate the verb into other tenses you want to practice. For example, if you see the third person singular present tense il est, change it to il a à ©tà © (passà © composà ©), il à ©tait (imperfect), and il sera (future). Write and/or speak these new conjugations, then look for another verb. Sing Along Set some conjugations to a simple tune, like Twinkle Twinkle Little Star or The Itsy Bitsy Spider, and sing it in the shower, in your car on the way to work/school, or while washing the dishes. Use Flashcards Make a set of  flashcards for the verbs you have the most trouble with by writing a subject pronoun and the infinitive on one side and the correct conjugation on the other. Then test yourself by looking at the first side and saying the subject and its conjugation out loud, or by looking at the conjugation and deciding which subject pronoun(s) its conjugated for. Verb Workbooks Another way to practice conjugations is with specialized French verb workbooks, like these: French Verb Drills by R. de Roussy de SalesFrench Verb Workbook by Jeffrey T. Chamberlain Ph.D and Lara Finklea  compare pricesThe Ultimate French Verb Review and Practice by David M. Stillman and Ronni L. Gordon  Compare Prices Improve Your French Improve your French listening comprehensionImprove your French pronunciationImprove your French reading comprehensionImprove your French verb conjugationsImprove your French vocabulary

Capital Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Budgeting - Essay Example There are various capital budgeting techniques which are used in evaluation of a project so to determine its viability they include; net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, average rate of return, pay-back period and modified internal rate of return. Guillermo Furniture is faced with three investment situations, which are to continue with the current production, adopt high-tech production, or act as a broker. Therefore, there is need to ascertain which of the investment will yield the highest returns to the firm. In order to carry out efficient investment appraisal, we will involve four capital budgeting techniques. The techniques that will be applied in this case will include; computation of net present value, internal rate of return, average rate of return and the profitability index. Net present value is capital techniques which uses discounted cash flows. It estimate the present value of future cash out flow and discount the future cash flow using cost of capital of the country ( the cost of equity for unlevered firm and Weighted average cost of capital for the levered firm). After ascertaining the present value of all cash flow of Guillermo furniture, the cash flow are summed up (cash inflows are positive while cash outflows are negative) (Shapiro, 2005).

Bristish Petroleum's Macondo Well accident BOP failure Research Paper

Bristish Petroleum's Macondo Well accident BOP failure - Research Paper Example The investigation team of BP revealed that requisite tests were not conducted properly by the engineering personnel because of which this disaster spread quite largely. Due to this devastating incident, the US federal government imposed a huge amount of fine upon BP. After the ocuurence of this incident, BOEMRE and Mineral Management Services (MMS) took strict initiatives and implemented various rules and regulations along with restructuring the working procedure so that this type of devastating incident might not occur in future. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 5 An Overview of Macondo Well Accident 5 Root Causes of the Macondo Well Disaster 9 Investigation Report about Macondo Well Accident 10 BOP Failure 12 Steps Taken By BP after BOP Failure 13 Conclusion 15 Works Cited 16 Appendix 1 17 Petroleum Industry Terms 17 Appendix 2 18 Introduction BP plc is regarded as one of the leading oil and gas multinational companies in the world. It operates in more than 80 nations all over the world. However, over the years, in its operations the company has faced certain obstacles especially related to oil spill incidents which have created a significant impact on the overall sustainability and reputation of the organisation. In this context, Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident was one of the infamous chapters in the history of BP. The oil spill incident took place in Gulf of Mexico in the year 2010. It is considered as one of the biggest accidents in the history of petroleum industry. Deepwater Horizon (DH) was an oil rig which was built by the ‘Hyundai Heavy Industries’ shipyard in South Korea and was delivered to BP in the year 2001. The rig was valued to be of multi-million dollars and it was considered as a 5th generation advanced technological ‘semi-submersible’ drilling rig. This rig comprised automatic drilling systems by which oil was generated into the wellbore of Macondo Prospect. This fully automatic dr illing machine consisted of 15,000 ‘PSI-rated BOP system’ and operated below the sea level at about 9000 ft. The rig had drilled well up to 35,055 feet, which took almost nine years. This entire drilling system was owned as well as operated by the Transocean Company under a mutual agreement with BP (Deepwater Horizon Study Group, â€Å"Final Report on the Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout†). Thesis Statement The paper intends to investigate and analyze the Macondo well accident of BP Plc at Gulf of Mexico which caused continued oil spill for several days resulting in widespread damage to marine habitats as well as wildlife. An Overview of Macondo Well Accident Deepwater Horizon’s ‘Blowout Preventer (BOP)’ was one of the main factors regarding the Macondo disaster. The incidents surrounding Macondo disaster have been more visible to the society through reports prepared by BP and the National Commission of the United States. The US feder al government imposed a huge fine amounting to around 4.5 billion USD against BP to settle illicit charges brought against the company regarding the Deepwater Horizon disaster (Capaldo, â€Å"US Government Fines BP $4.5bn Over Deepwater Horizon Disaster†). This incident occurred on the evening of 20th April 2010 due to the release of hydrocarbon gas on Macondo well

Is Stereotyping Contagious? Essay -- essays research papers fc

Is Stereotyping Contagious? "Recent research indicates that the gap between male and female students' mathematics achievement is gradually beginning to diminish (Gutbezahl, 1995); however, female students are still underrepresented in advanced mathematics classes as well as in careers involving mathematics (Kerr,1994; Stage & Maple, 1996)" (Drzewiecki and Westberg 1). This should concern society including parents, teachers, and students. Carmen Keller is one that has explored the topic of a male driven mathematical field. The goal in her article, " Effect of Teachers' Stereotyping on Students' Stereotyping of Mathematics as a Male Domain" is to discover and prove one aspect to this male domain. This being, students of teachers who tend to stereotype mathematics also tend to stereotype mathematics. Throughout the entire article, Keller supports her thesis very well. The data she uncovers and develops is reliable, because she considers and eliminates features that could possibly factor into her research. She controls external and internal influences such as: school grade, school track, previous achievement; and interest and self-confidence, respectively. Great research data and analysis helps the reader feel supported and the logical information helps connect society and sciences. The following information is a summary of the data and interpretations provided in Carmen Keller's article found in The Journal of Social Psychology. Keller examines an internal influence that effects education, students' perception of mathematics as a male domain. With support of other research she provides, in short, the students' beliefs and their performance are correlated. Meaning that when comparing graphs of student beliefs on gender success in mathematics and actual success, the graphs follow a similar pattern. Through personal experience, I have found this to be true. Students that have positive views about a particular subject tend to be more interested, thus performing better. This also works on the other end of the spectrum. Negative views deem less effort, which produces results below possible accomplishment. The student is not all at fault for these beliefs; they are influence by an outside source in some way. Whether this outside influence is a fellow student, parents, siblings or teachers I feel I still need some more proof. Keller is tryi... ...nces that she did not control. Carmen Keller's article was very informative. Some of the data may have been slightly complicated for an average consumer, not educated in statistics. I have always questioned why I have found more males in my math classes throughout my education and while researching my possible mathematical careers. Now, after reading Keller's article, I have more of an understanding about one of the contributing factors found in the gender-divided mathematical field. Works Cited Drzewiecki, L. and Westberg, K. "Gender Differences in High School Students' Attitudes Toward Mathematics in Traditional Versus Cooperative Groups." The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented. 1997, Spring Newsletter. Gutbezahl, J. "How Negative Expectancies and Attitudes Undermine Females' Math Confidence and Performance: A Review of the Literature." ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 380 279. 1995. Kerr, B., "Smart girls too." Ohio Psychological Press 1994. Stage, F. K., and Maple, S. A., "Incompatible Goals: Narratives of Graduate Women in the Mathematics Pipeline." American Educational Research Journal (1996): 33, 23-51.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Beliefs

According to About.Com, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta Georgia.   His father was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, and later on, he himself became the preacher of a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama. He led the famous Black Boycotts between 1955-1956 against the segregation in city buses. His policy of nonviolent resistance culminated in the â€Å"March on Washington† in August of 1963, with more than 200,000 African-Americans joining the protest, calling for equal civil rights for all.   This again was able to bring worldwide attention to his cause.   In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.   In 1964, Congress finally passed the Civil Rights Act, which essentially prohibited discrimination against any person on the basis of race, color, religion and national origin in restaurants, hotels, motels, and also prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of the same factors mentioned above. Dr. King finds that his present actions are inspired divinely.   These clergymen, unwise and untimely, referred to his actions, as a new mayor had just been elected in Birmingham, and it is believed that these clergymen wanted to wait for a while and observe what the new mayor was going to do.   Dr. King described Birmingham as the most violent city in the United States of America with respect to the disregard for the rights of the African-American at that time. He makes mention of biblical passages where equally inspired men left their own homes and comfort zones to preach the gospel of Christ to the far corners of the world. Dr. King also stressed the â€Å"interrelatedness of communities and states† (Dr. King’s letter).   Any event that occurs in one part of the world somehow affects each and every other state to a certain extent. Hence this spurred his desire for direct action as a form of protest against discrimination of blacks in the United States. He then replied to the clergymen’s charge that the demonstrations were not the solution to their problems, stating that the Negro community in fact had no other alternatives, as racial injustice was becoming too far widespread and that many cities were becoming too segregated.   He went on to give particular examples of violence against the Negroes: lynching, drowning, kicking, beating, on the physical side, and the deprivation of education; thereafter economic opportunities on the economic side.   He tells how it feels to be called â€Å"nigger† (Dr. King’s letter), and to have such an overwhelming sense of helplessness, to the point of despair. In the same letter he outlines the four steps in any non-violent campaign.   The first is the collection of facts to determine if the injustices done are really existent.   He enumerates the facts of the case: bombings against Negro communities, the violence against Negroes, and the like.   Next, he mentions the need for negotiation, and in the letter it is stated that their group had gone so many times to talk to city officials about the need for changes in the law and in the city ordinances, but it would seem that their pleas had fallen on deaf ears. The third step then is described as the process of self-purification, where one examines himself in order to determine if he is ready to take the effects of the demonstrations or protest actions that they will do in the near future.   Would one be ready for jail, for beatings, or for other forms of retaliation against the self and his family?   If one successfully overcame the step of self-purification, then direct action would follow. (Dr. King’s letter). Dr. King stated in the letter that the end objective of direct action was to create a crisis – a sort of tension within the community, especially if it was known that the aggressors had refused negotiation several times. He stressed the need for a dramatization of the situation, as requests for negotiation have been refused from time to time.   As a result of this refusal to negotiate, direct action has been taken.   He goes on to describe the tension as a necessary item for growth, so that â€Å"men can rise from prejudice to understanding and brotherhood† (Dr. King’s letter). Thus, the purpose of direction is to create a situation so packed with tension such that the aggressors agree to go back to the negotiation table. We often forget that Dr. King is a preacher, and a religious man at that. His basic philosophies in life were also revealed in the very same letter.   The reason for civil disobedience, or in his terms direct action, is because of the existence of unjust laws.   He then goes on to define any unjust law as a law that is not in tune with moral law, and with natural law. If that particular law happens to degrade the human personality, then Dr. King calls that law to be unjust.   He then goes on to say that the constant stream of unjust laws, specifically the instance of discrimination against Negroes in America, has caused some Negroes to become very complacent, and to accept discrimination as a way of life and as their destiny. Towards the end, Dr. King wrote â€Å"nonviolence demands the means we use be as pure as the ends we seek† (Dr. King’s Letter). He points out that the policemen in Birmingham used the nonviolent means of policing the demonstrations as a good means to achieve the immoral means of racial injustice.   Civil disobedience per se may be non-violent, but many will never know the intense loneliness that accompanies their crusade. Civil disobedience is a religious crusade in itself, for it tests the faith of man in his personal beliefs. On March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a â€Å"symbolic† march to the bridge from which civil rights leaders asked for court protection for another big march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery (Selma to Montgomery March). Several historic moments in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify Martin Luther King, Jr. — prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, keynote speaker at the March on Washington, youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate (Colaiaco, p. 28). But in retrospect, single events are less important than the fact that King, and his policy of nonviolent protest, was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during its decade of greatest achievement, from 1957 to 1968 (The Seattle Times, n.p.). King Jr. places his bets on the inherent goodness of man and that peace and justice will indeed prevail in the end.   He truly was a man of great faith, and in the end, gave up his life towards the achievement of his dream. In his short life, Martin Luther King was instrumental in helping us realize and rectify those unspeakable flaws that tarnished the name of America. The events, which took place in and around his life, were earth shattering, for they represented an America that was hostile and quite different from America as we see it today. Indeed, he was one of the outstanding leaders who have changed the way we live today. REFERENCES Clayborne C. A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/speeches/contents.htm Colaiaco, J. A.(1988). Martin Luther King, Jr.: Apostle of militant nonviolence.† New York: St. Martin's Press. Fairclough, A. (1995). Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Georgia Press Dr. King, M.L. Letter from Birmingham Jail. reproduced in the Semi Daily Journal of Stephen Long, Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.bdlong.com/mlkingjr.htm Dr. King, M.L. Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail.   reproduced in NobelPrizes.Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:. http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/mlk-jail.html; Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. About. Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.christianity.about.com/od/martinlutherking/a/martinking.htm Selma to Montgomery March. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/travel/civilrights/al4.htm The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. The Seattle Times.   Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: ;http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/king/biography.html; ;

Essay on Socrates Fight for Justice - 1101 Words

In Plato’s works Apology and Crito there is an attempt by Socrates to defend himself in court and defend his choice to receive the death penalty when found guilty. Although he makes very valid and strong arguments throughout one can only wonder why such a wise person would choose death over life. The following essay will analyze three quotes from Apology and Crito, find the correlation between them, and reveal any flaws that may exsist inside these arguments made by Socrates. In Plato’s Apology Socrates explains to the jury the reasons he should be found not guilty against his accused crimes. Although none of the accusations have any true merit Socrates is forced into the courtroom. During his defense Socrates states, â€Å"A man who really†¦show more content†¦Socrates would rather be punished or die before he breaks the laws that were set forth by his state, and this he says later in the same passage, â€Å"I should run any risk on the side of law and justice rather than join you. (Cahn pg. 38 Apology b10-c2).† Socrates is eventually found guilty and is to fight no longer for his innocence, but against a penalty of death. As Socrates speaks to the jury he begins to speak more of the meanings of life opposed to the need for life. He claims, â€Å"it is the greatest good for a man to discuss virtue every day and those other things about which you hear me conversing and testing myself and others, for the unexamined life is not wort h living for men.. (Cahn pg. Apology39 38a1-4).† Although Socrates never explicitly states why he feels this way, but upon reading this statement and analyzing its context one can grasp a sense of this argument. Socrates is arguing that life is unlived if it is not questioned and our thoughts are not examined. He understands that his wisdom is far greater than that of the jury, and he feels that all other punishments would leave him unhappy and dissatisfied. He would rather suffer death than to go against the laws of the state, although he is being wrongly convicted. He feels he has lived a good life and a true life because he was able to examine himself and others trueShow MoreRelatedInterview With Plato: . Question: What Important Questions1345 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"what is justice?† Socrates addresses this question both in terms of political communities and in terms of the individual person or soul. He does this to address the second and driving question of t he dialogue: â€Å"is the just person happier than the unjust person?† or â€Å"what is the relation of justice to happiness?† Given the two central questions of the discussion, Plato’s philosophical concerns in the dialogue are ethical and political. 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