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Fracking, The Splitting Decision An Analysis - 1726 Words

Fracking, The Splitting Decision: An Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Fracking Abstract Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the process of drilling into the Earth and subsequently directly a high-pressure water, sand, and chemical mixture at shale rock to release the gas inside, out through the head of the well. Fracking allows firms to access previously inaccessible resources of oil and gas buried underneath the earth and hidden in the rocks. In the U.S., fracking has boosted oil production and has caused a drop in gas prices. The gas that generates electricity produces only half the carbon dioxide emissions coal produces. Fracking of shale gas contributes significantly to energy needs and gas security. The positive economic impact of fracking produces thousands of jobs needed to perform such a task. The use of fracking has brought on many environmental concerns in exchange for its revolutionary impact on the energy industry. There is a significant amount of water necessary in the process of fracking resulting in a heavy toll to the environment. Carcinogenic chemicals involved in fracking could may well escape and contaminate the groundwater around the site, which could be due to lack of diligence rather than an inherent risk. There are increased concerns that the fracking process are linked to earth tremors. Fracking increases our reliance on fossil fuels, rather than investing in renewable energy, which is a better long-term alternative. NaturalShow MoreRelatedConoco Phillips Strategic Management4842 Words   |  20 PagesComprehensive Analysis and Recommendation Report Submittal Date: May 3rd, 2013. Table of Contents 1.Executive Summary............................................................................................3 2.History / Origins.†¦..............................................................................................4 3.Company Split-2012...........................................................................................6 4.Porters Five Forces........................

Virtual Work Free Essays

1. Introduction Recent years have witnessed an incredible development of information technology and the structure of traditional work environment is changing. The emergency of virtual work has been reflected in some companies’ new work policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Virtual Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, Jetblue Airlines has changed its working conditions and established a virtual call centre where employees can work from home without a central office. Despite the technology advancement that enables virtual working, the amount of people adopting this new working pattern is still very low. This report will explore the nature of virtual work and analyse the barriers of adopting this work policy, as well as give suggestions on how to overcome these barriers. 2. Nature of virtual work Virtual organisation, by definition, is a principle of management that has been used in a variety of applications, including virtual memory, virtual reality, virtual classrooms, virtual teams, and virtual offices (Mowshowitz, 2002). Unlike traditional organizations, the virtual organization itself has no need for physical representation. Its output, however, might influence the physical world directly, such as the direct buying or selling of stocks, or indirectly, such as providing decision support for a human agent in a traditional organization. Virtual offices, also known as virtual working, allow employees to operate in dynamically changing work environment. Virtual working as part of the virtual organization can be defined as the use of communications networks rather than buildings and physical assets, meaning that the physical location of work is now less important (Pang, 2001). As the result, departments and teams no longer have to work in close contact with each other. The common denominator for all virtual workers is that they communicate and perform work duties almost entirely through electronic technology, such as instant messaging, blogs and social networking. Employees in this situation, need a certain level of self-control ability, andvery often need to structure the environment and systems they use to perform a variety of tasks, for example, getting familiar with different types of communication software. 3. Advantages of virtual work 3. 1 For companies 3. 1. 1 Less cost Virtual work enables a company to reduce costs in renting, travelling and labor salary. Telecommuting allows people to work from home or anywhere they want instead of staying in an office and thus helps an organisation to reduce expenditure in renting the building (Tomic, nd). Also, no office means that the company does not have to hire cleaners or other labors and pay their salary. Additionally, companies can reduce the travel expenses as geographical distance in virtual organization is no longer an obstacle to hold meetings and conferences. Virtual workers can communicate through the internet instead of going to other places to observe and study. 3. . 2 Increased effectiveness Companies that implement virtual work policy can increase effectiveness because employees can save the time of commuting to work. Better communication, fewer distractions, better concentration and less traveling time contribute to the increased 15-50% productivity in a virtual organization (Tomic, nd). Employees can also improve work quality due to more strategic use of work time and less disrup tion. 3. 2 For employees 3. 2. 1 Less stress Virtual working not only eases their traffic problems, but also relieves employees office pressure. Most employees worry about their privacy and do not feel comfortable in office. By working from home or other places employees no longer have to deal with office politics and office gossip (Anderson, 2012). Also, virtual workers do not have to rush bus and metro during the peak hours. By working from home, employees can have more time dealing with work in a relaxing environment, which is beneficial for their mental health. 3. 2. 2 Improved work-life balance Working from home gives employees the opportunity to balance their work and life. Telecommuters have more flexible work hours and are able to manage their own time. They do not have work in an office from 9am to 5pm every day and they can do anything they want as long as the work can be finished as planned. For example, they can go shopping and are able to respond to phone calls from their family (Anderson, 2012). Also, when the work is done, remote workers can clean the house, communicate with family members, and take care of their children which are beneficial for improving family life. Furthermore, if employees want to better equip their knowledge, they have the ability to go to school without affecting normal work. 3. For society Adopting telecommuting brings benefits to the society. Working from home eases the traffic pressure. Remote workers do not need to commute to work, therefore, there is less air pollution and fewer traffic problems. Also, virtual working creates more business opportunities for people in suburbs and rural areas because it is not restricted by region. 4. Why virtual working is still not universal Innovative workplace s trategies that efficiently leverage human capital are becoming increasingly valuable in today’s economic environment (Thompson and Caputo, 2009). Some organizations have long employed virtual work arrangements as a tool to recruit and retain key employees. Despite the technological capabilities that enable lower operating expense and offer employees greater work flexibility, organizations that adopt the virtual work policy and the amount of workers working virtually is still very low. The problem can be analysed from two aspects: companies and employees. 4. 1 For companies As company’s major goal is to maximize profit in each activity, virtual working enables lower operating expense. Adopting the virtual working approach for organization seems the most tendency option. However, basic on company’s strategy and structure, in some case, virtual working would more like to be the obstacle for it’s development. The communication issues are not always technical in nature, but related to human factors. Members in a virtual team would face the misunderstood messages, thereby resulting in inefficiencies (Pang, 2001). More importantly, as there might be different security data protection in employees network, the risk of leakage of information will be increased. Organizational restructuring resulting in an increase in virtual workers and decrease in on-site employees can yield cost savings (Pang, 2001). However, having a human capital management strategy for newly transitioned virtual workers would cost an amount of money for training. Controlling and monitoring off-site employees become essential. For organization restructure, large amount of money would be invested for supporting the restructuring. That would be the difficult for company to adopt the virtual working. 4. 2 For employees Despite the conveniences of telecommuting, the potential downsides of the virtual workplace often go overlooked (Heidrick, 2011). Employees who work outside the office, feels isolated from coworker. In some cases, these employees start to feel disconnected from company culture and come to believe they are less respected in their organizations than their colleagues who work together in person. An organization’s ability to flexible depends on employees’ commitment to the organization, their motivation to stick with it. Respect ensured that employees are up to the challenge. Most employees generally feel respected when managers and coworkers hold them up to the same standards as everyone else at the organization. As employee feels isolated and disrespected while working by telecommuting, an organization that adopted the virtual working approach will most likely turn into less efficiency. 5. Barriers to virtual working 5. 1 For companies 5. 1. 1 Technical issues Increased data security concerns One of the biggest barriers for companies implementing virtual work policy is the concern for data security. Virtual work needs technical support, which creates safety hazard potential nowadays. Due to the fact that multiple clients are in a web-based architecture, there are many points of possible intrusion into the centralized applications and data sources of an organization (Pang,nd). When a company holding e-conference to make important decisions or transfer confidential documents, hackers who have ulterior motives may filch the core strategy or information of the company by attacking system vulnerability. 5. 1. 2 Managerial issues Controlling and monitoring difficulties Controlling and monitoring telecommuters’ work is the most difficult section in managing a virtual organisation. Lipnack and Stamps (1997) stated that managing a successful virtual company requires 90% people and 10% technology. Productivity can be reduced without controlling and monitoring system because some employees are not self-disciplined and can be interrupted by an overabundance of distractions around the home (Hortensia, 2008). There are also some critical situations where managers are not able to contact subordinates and make remedial measures timely. Employee incentive difficulties High productivity of a company will largely depend on good employee incentive. However, in a virtual organization which has inefficient measuring methods to evaluate employee’s contribution, the manager may not detect potentials of different employees. Employee incentive is often overlooked in virtual organizations (Liu, 2004). Therefore, companies need to adjust their internal performance assessment and salary system, and spend a lot of time establishing a complete system for training and motivating employees. 5. 1. 3 Communication issues As virtual team members are usually in different area or even different time zones, communication can be a big issue. Lack of trust The lack of face-to-face interaction of remote workers can lead to difficulties in building trust. Virtual work is based on Computer-Mediated Communication, which is different from the communication pattern that traditional work has. When communicating face-to-face, the speaker can use visual cues from the audience to gain immediate feedback quickly and make necessary rapid adjustments (Storper et al, 2004). Visual cues and social existence in face-to-face dialogue also help team members to know background, skills, experiences, and areas of expertise of each other (Rosen et al, 2007). The traditional communication pattern can help people build trust within groups, but remote workers can find it difficult to achieve this. Additionally, virtual organizations are usually short termed. Employees may feel that the team will break up when the task is finished, and they do not feel their membership in the organization. Mayo George Elton pointed that employees need good inter-personal relationship, and also need feel being cared by the organization, the satisfactory feeling of being cared by the employer is very helpful to improve work productivity. Lack of trust in virtual organizations may cause low motivation and low productivity. Cultural barriers and limited knowledge/ experience sharing Virtual workers are usually separated by geography, which restricts knowledge or experience sharing opportunities by working together. Also, cultural barrier exists and is adverse to good teamwork in a virtual organisation. Members of a virtual team sometimes come from different countries. Virtual works go against the transfer of tacit knowledge, or knowledge that is not written or definable, but are gained through experience (Griffith et al, 2003). It is clear that many of the behaviors of a good teamwork are culturally rooted. For example, in some cultures, sharing information is both a manifestation of power and a way of building relationships. In other cultures a number of information sharing take place in off-line settings, which are limited in the virtual work environment. Furthermore, direct communicators who are low-context focus on sharing just the facts, which will leave high-context communicators feeling under informed. 5. 2For employees 5. 2. 1 Reduction in chances of promotion At an organizational level, virtual employees’ efforts may not be recognized and valued and therefore chances of promotion in career are far less than traditional office counterparts. Adams(2012) noted researchers’ finding that managers are 25% more likely to attribute the traits ‘committed’ and ‘dedicated’ to people who logged extra hours in the office instead of those who work remotely. As a result, employees are not willing to work from home, holding the belief that managers consider them less committed to their task, and give them less career support. Employees’ desire for organizational identification is not necessarily satisfied due to negligible mentoring from supervisors and the lack of opportunities for developing relationship with crucial person in the workplace. To conclude, working from home distance employees from their manager, and leave them with less support and direction than on-site workers may get, thus reduce the chances of career advancement. 5. 2. 2 Social and professional isolation Perception of isolation from the group is one of the major concerns for employees who work from home. When employees are isolated in remote workplaces, the physical distance can diminish their opportunities for interacting and communicating with colleagues, further raising their perception of being separated. Marshall et al (2007), cited in Buss (1996) found that humans have long perceived physical and social separation from the group as negative, for the reason that isolation means deprivation of support and protection, which are critical for survival. The unavailability of networking, gaining support and recognition from co-workers creates people’s consciousness of not being part of the group and sense of loneliness. . Overcome barriers of adopting virtual work The barriers of adopting virtual work can be overcome by utilizing online communication techniques, conducting prior training and holding regular meetings etc. Virtual teams have to develop the better way for communicating, trust between each other and knowledge sharing in the electronic space. Developing a team cultu re and common procedures are essential for the development of credibility and trust among virtual team members in a virtual environment. (Raghuram, et al, 2001). Utilize online communication techniques Virtual employees often need to share work-in-progress with others, which may require advance technologies to support. As a result, virtual team can work more effectively by using online communication techniques. Microsoft is the world’s largest software maker has developed some software that can be very useful collaboration tools for managing the virtual team, such as instant messaging, live meeting and Outlook (Courtois, 2012). By using collaboration software, virtual employee can check coworkers’ status to see whether they are available to chat online. Manager can held web-based staff meeting, make a shared calendar, and cloud computing that everyone can edit and see any changes instantly (The Observer, nd). Prior training Prior training or experience is positively associated with virtual work efficacy. Organisations should implement adequate training programs in order to provide better understanding of telecommuting for both virtual employees and their managers. Caudron(1992) suggested that training activities can include dealing with interruptions by family members and friends, communications with virtual co-workers etc. Hiring the right people can be helpful for the virtual organisation, like someone can be productive in an isolated environment but is wise enough to maintain connections with other outside communities. Managers should always be open to the comments of employees and give supportive mentoring. Hold regular meetings In order to better manage remote employees, ensure efficient communication and information sharing, holding regular meetings is important. All employees should be included in all team meetings. During these meetings, manager should provide the perception of how things are progressing. This type of meeting is especially valuable in a virtual work environment, as there are fewer opportunities for interpersonal communication. Also, managers can organize employee retreats once a year so that virtual and traditional employees can interact with one another, to share information and to create a sense of unity and teamwork. These can reduces employee’s loneliness and make them feel a part of the team. Reward virtual employees’ desirable behavior in ways that are meaningful to them (Deannamaio, nd). Manager can simply reward extra holiday time off for employees who work hard. Benefit from the reward policy, employee would feel more motivating in their job. 7. Future of virtual work Today only a small proportion of virtual teams have reached a level of performance that goes beyond what the individuals concerned could achieve independently (Benson et al, 1997). Despite difficulties in implementing virtual work, the overall trend for future is the increase of telecommuting. Development of technology is helping organisations to adopt a virtual work policy, and employee expectations will change towards a more flexible working environment. IBM has announced Virtual Desktop for Smart Business. The new workforce mobility provided anytime, anywhere access to personal desktops from mobile devices — including tablets, netbooks and laptops (Khalil, 2011). With the significant development of technology nowadays, more and more firms will adopt the virtual working in order to gain competitive advantage worldwide. 8. Conclusion Virtual work as a new pattern of work is exposing invaluable potential advantages to organisations, employees and the society as a whole. As information technology is developing at an incredible speed, some organisations have already evolutionisedtheir traditional office work pattern to virtual working. However, teleworking is still not universal despite the technology capabilities that enable people to work from home or remote offices. The barriers of adopting virtual work can arise from both companies’ and employees’ considerations. Companies will face a lot of difficulties such as technical, managerial and communication issues. Employees are also not willing to work from home due to their fear of being isolated and reduced promotion opportunities. In order to overcome these barriers, there are some practical solutions such as utilizing online communication techniques, prior training and holding regular meetings. Therefore, the future of virtual work is promising, and there will be an increasing number of people who change their professional roles from traditional office workers to telecommuters. Bibliography Adams, S 2012. ‘Why Working At Home Could Hurt Your Career’, Forbes. Com, p. 39, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 December 2012. Anderson,  A. (  2012). Demand  Media. Advantages  of  Telecommuting  Jobs. [online]  Available  from:  http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-telecommuting-jobs-765. html  [cited  28  Nov  2012] Bullock, C. (2011). ‘Virtual Work Environments in the Post – Recession Era’. Brandman University. Available at http://www. brandman. edu/pdf/virtual_teams_brandman_forrester_white_paper. pdf. Access in 2 December, 2012. Buss, D. M. (1996). The evolutionary psychology of human social strategies. In E. T. Higgins A. W. Kruglanski (Eds. ), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles(pp. 3-28). New York: Guiford Press. Courtois, J. (2012). ‘Microsoft’s new world of work is all about people’. Available at http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-17064032. Access in 3 December, 2012. Deannamaio (nd). ‘Managing and Motivating Virtual Employees’. Available at http://deannamaio. om/managing-and-motivating-virtual-employees/. Access in 5 December, 2012. Fried, C. (2011). ‘8 Ways to Convince Your Boss to Let You Work from Home’. Available at: http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-505123_162-41141951/8-ways-to-convince-your-boss-to-let-you-work-from-home/. Accessed 28 November 2012. Gitman, L. J. and McDaniel, C. (2008) The Future o f Business: The Essentials, Cengage Learning. Page 242 Heidrick, R. (2011). ‘Why Off-Site Employees Feel Virtually Disconnected’. Available at http://www. texasenterprise. utexas. edu/article/why-site-employees-feel-virtually-disconnected. Access in 1 December, 2012. Hortensia,  G. (2008). Virtual  workplace  and  telecommuting:  challenges  that  red efine  the  concept  of  work  and  workplace. Annals  of  the  University  of  Oradea,  Economic  Science  Series,  17(4),  269-274. Liu,  T. Ma,  G,  C. (2004)  Human  Resource  Management  in  Virtual  enterprise. Theoretics  Study,  (4):  48-49(in  Chinese) Griffith,  T. L. Sawyer,  J. E. Neale,  M. A. (2003). Virtualness  and  knowledge  in  teams:  Managing  the  love  triangle  of  organizations,  individuals,  and  information  technology. MIS  Quarterly,  27(2),  265-287 Peng,  L. (nd). Understanding  Virtual  Organizations. ISACA. Journal. [online]  Ã‚  Available  from:  http://www. isaca. org/Journal/Past-Issues/2001/Volume-6/Pages/Understanding-Virtual-Organizations. aspx  [cited  20  Nov  2012] Hurd, Brian M. (2011). ‘Virtually engaged: the effect of a virtual work environment on task engagement, its antecedents, and consequences’. Colorado State University. Libraries. Available at http://digitool. library. colostate. edu/R/? func=dbin-jump-fullobject_id=129655local_base=GEN01. Access in 1 December, 2012. Khalil, L. (2011). ‘IBM offers virtual desktop solution for workers on the go’. Available at http://www. igitaltrends. com/computing/ibm-offer-virtual-desktop-solution-for-workers-on-the-go/. Access 5December 2012. Lipnack, J. and J. Stamps. (1997). Virtual Teams: Reaching Across Space, Time, and Organizations with Technology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Marshall, G, Michaels, C, Mulki, J 2007, ‘Workplace isolation: Exploring the construct and its measurem ent’, Psychology Marketing, 24, 3, pp. 195-223, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 26 November 2012. Marshall, M (nd). ‘3 key to building trust between managers and employees’. Available at http://www. eliableplant. com/Read/27611/Build-trust-managers-employees. Access in 5 December, 2012. Mowshowitz, A. (2002) Virtual Organization: Toward a Theory of Societal Transformation Stimulated by Information Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. Page 24 – 25 Pang, L. (2001). ‘Understanding Virtual Organizations’. Available at: http://www. isaca. org/Journal/Past-Issues/2001/Volume-6/Pages/Understanding-Virtual-Organizations. aspx. Accessed 28 November 2012. Panteli, N and Dibben, M. (2001) Revisiting the nature of virtual organizations: reflections on mobile communication systems. Futures, 33(5). Page 379 – 391 Panteli, N. and Dibben, M. R. (2001) Revisiting the nature of virtual organizations: reflections on mobile communication systems. Futures, 33(5). Page 379 – 391 Pinola, M. (nd). ‘ Stress Management for Mobile Professionals and Telecommuters: 5 challenges remote workers face how to reduce the stress they cause’. Available at: http://mobileoffice. about. com/od/tipsfortelecommuting/tp/stress-management-for-telecommuters-and-mobile-professionals. htm. Accessed 2 December 2012. Raghuram, S and Garud, R and Wiesenfeld, B and Gupta, V (2001). Factors contributing to virtual work adjustment’. Journal of Management 27 (2001) 383–405 Rosen, B. Furst, S. Blackburn, R. (2007). Overcoming barriers to knowledge sharing in virtual teams. Organizational Dynamics, 36(3), 259-273. Storper, M. Venables, A. J. (2004). Buzz: Face-to-face contact and the urban economy. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 351-370. Sundin, K. (nd). †˜Virtual Teams: Work/Life Challenges – Keeping Remote Employees Engaged’. Available at https://est05. esalestrack. com/eSalesTrack/Content/Content. ashx? file=9e2e8332-6b1b-4592-9dd2-4963636c94c4. pdf. Access in 1 December, 2012. How to cite Virtual Work, Papers

The classic story of Dracula Essay Example For Students

The classic story of Dracula Essay For my assignment I am going to explain in detail about the classic story of Dracula by Bram Stoker. I will explain about the characters and then write in detail about the plot. Finally I will explain the way the novel is written.  Characters  Dracula  Count Dracula is the central character around which the novel is based. This man is a Transylvanian nobleman who is a vampire. At the beginning of the novel Dracula is described: His face was a strong a very strong aquiline, with high bridge of the thin nose and peculiarly arched nostrils. Dracula is said to have a rather cruel looking moustache and peculiarly sharp white teeth which are shown up by his red lips. The man is said to have a domed forehead with hair growing around the temples and bushy hair that seemed to curl in its own profusion. Dracula is described as being welcoming and charming when Harker meets him for the first time. It is only later on in the novel when his true evil powers and capabilities are shown. This nobleman is centuries old and has to feed on the blood of the living. As the book goes on Count Dracula becomes younger and his powers increase.  Vampires are the evil undead who live on by sucking the life out of innocent human beings. If one of the vampires victims is contaminated by one of these evil creatures they will die and then rise again as a vampire. Dracula can turn himself into a range of different animals and can affect humans in mysterious ways. He can turn into a bat so that he can fly through peoples windows, he can also turn into small rodent animals and in the novel it mentions that Dracula can turn into a large dog or wolf. Jonathan Harker  This mans role in the novel is mostly at the beginning of the story when he travels to Transylvania to discuss matters with Count Dracula about him buying an estate in England. He is a young lawyer and is in love with Mina Murray who he writes to when away. Jonathan becomes a prisoner in Draculas castle and his journals of his experience become important when trying to destroy the vampire count. Later on in the novel Harker marries Mina. Professor Van Helsing  This Dutch professor is full of wisdom on the subject of vampirism and how to destroy them. He is well informed on the Nosferatu (vampire) and so becomes the leader and instructor on the search to kill Dracula. Dr. Seward (one of his former pupils) describes him as a philosopher and metaphysician, and one of the most advanced scientists of his day. Van Helsing goes to visit Lucy Westenra when she is ill and knows that a vampire has bitten her although he wonders whether such beliefs are true. Mina Murray  Mina Murray is Jonathan Harkers and is best friends with Lucy Westenra (Draculas first victim). Jonathan and Mina eventually marry after he escapes from Draculas castle. She works as a schoolteacher and later becomes a victim of the Count herself. Mina is the heroine in the story as she is regarded by the reader as being innocent and pure. She becomes a victim to the Count but right up until her death she does not want to become evil. She represents goodness. Lucy Westenra  Lucy is a friend with Mina in the novel but falls into ill health and dies when she is bitten by Dracula. She is an attractive young woman who has been proposed to by three men. In the novel she becomes engaged to Arthur Holmwood who is the son of Lord Godalming. She becomes a vampire but is then killed by Van Helsing and the other three in the normal fashion by plunging a stake through her heart, cutting of her head and stuffing her mouth with garlic.  Dr. John Seward  This young doctor is the manager of an insane asylum that lies near to Draculas English estate. He used to be a pupil of Professor Van Helsing but in the novel he cannot diagnose what is wrong with Lucy Westenra until Van Helsing arrives. He is an intelligent, literate man whose diaries make up a lot of the novel. Seward is one of the men who proposed to Lucy Westenra but was refused.

Research of the companys cases an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Research of the companys cases Mr Ian Dunno: Dear Sir: We have done an extensive research on the two situational cases you have hired us to do. Our research delved on Australian Accounting Standards Board Pronouncements. Part one focuses on the timing difference between the amount that the company reports as net income subject to tax and the amount that the tax laws require the companies to pay. The second part deals with the basic theory of when to recognize revenue from the sale of website related software and the website development and maintenance services. Need essay sample on "Research of the company's cases" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Basis for the us of AASB presentation of the Financial statements The basis for the preparation of the financial statements is to serve as a tool for their decision meeting. The software customer needs the financial statements to determine whether to continue buying from the company or look for other competing suppliers to fill the customers' needs. The suppliers need the financial statements to determine if whether to approve the company's credit loan application. The board of directors will use the financial statements to determine if they will have to set up more software branches. The Australian government needs the financial statements to determine if the company has been implementing its pollution laws. The employees are also interested to get a copy of the financial statements to determine if the company in order for them to decide when to ask for a salary increase. The following topics are focused to serve these users. College Students Usually Tell Us: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my girlfriend Essay writers propose: Follow Essaylab Writing Service I. Timing Difference AASB 112 states that the timing difference between taxes paid and the tax expense is a normal, legal and Tax agency approved scenario. A future tax liability or asset results from the temporary differences between the accounting book value of assets liabilities and their tax value. The timing difference here is amount that varies between the net profits or losses reported in the accounting books and the amount that taxes to be paid. They are differences between the book value of the assets or liability recorded in the balance sheet and income statement and the amount that should be reported in the financial statements that include the balance sheet and income statement in compliance with Australian tax laws. The reason is obvious. The recording accounting transactions by the accountants hired by the companies are governed or based Australian International Accounting Standards. The international accounting standards state that the profits presented in the financial statements like the income statement should be based on accrual basis of accounting. There are two kinds of sales. They are the cash sales and the credit sales. Cash sales occur when the customer pays up front the amount of the purchase immediately upon receiving the goods bought. Credit sales occur when the customer receives the goods and promises to pay the amount at a letter date. The net profit includes sales from On the other hand, the amount that the company must pay to the Australian tax agencies are based on the Australian income tax laws. The Australian Tax law states that the amount of tax should be based on actual cash collections. For example, the company bought a factory equipment for Au$1,000. The company depreciates the assets under the straight line method for four five years. However, the company reports to their tax collecting agency that their asset is depreciation using the reducing balance method. Assume the corporate tax rate is 35%. The company would realized a deferred tax liability for year 1 and 2 because its book value was higher than the tax value. However, the 3rd and 4th year shows a tax asset because the company's asset value is lower than the income tax value. The company has not underpaid income tax in this case so there is no need for any adjustments. II. Revenues and Expenses Revenues The basis for the revenue for the sale of the products and services of Medium Pty. Ltd. is AASB 118 (Revenue). The Australian Accounting Standard Board stated in its pronouncements stated in its AASB 118 (Revenue) that revenue (Section 1)is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow into the organization and these benefits are measurably reliable. It further provides that revenue can be generated from the sale of goods or the rendering of services. The Medium Pty. Ltd. should record the maintenance revenue from the offer of services to set up a website. The maintenance services that are offered keep the customers' websites in tiptop shape should also form part of revenue from services under the same AASB 118. Section 4 of AASB 118 also states that rendering of services includes the performance of the organization of a contractual agreed task over an agreed period of time. The services may be performed within a single period or over more than one period. AA SB 102 states that the software shall form part of inventory. AASB 101 states in section 82 that the statement of comprehensive income should DISCLOSE line items that present under the following titles during the period. Revenue, finance costs, share of profit or loss of associates, tax expense, and a single amount representing other expenses. Expenditures AASB 132 interpretation states that all costs of documenting the specifications of the website, including the technology to be implemented to achieve the desired website, revenue, and expense results should be expensed. The expenditures should be dealt with in accordance with AASB accounting standards. Market research costs for assessing the feasibility of the project should be recorded under research and development expenses. These are expensed outright on day of the expense occurrence. Staff training for website development should fall under salary expenses since website development is an ongoing day to day operating activity. Costs relating to the development of the website software like licensing expenses. The computer hardware use in the development of the software should form part of office equipment Asset. It will be depreciated over its useful life. Internal Staff employment expenses should form part of the Administrative operating expenses of the company. Promotion and advertising to launch the new website development should fall under the marketing operating expenses of the company and expensed when incurred. Staff training in use of website software should form part of salaries expenses. CONCLUSION The sales of the customized software will form part of the revenues of the company. The sale of the two year performance contract would be part of the service revenues of the company. The amounts for cost of developing should form part of the operating expenses. In addition, the difference between the tax amount and the accounting book amounts is because of the difference between the accounting standards and the tax laws. Reference AASB 118 Revenue recognition. Australian Accounting Standards Board, retrieved Oct 5, 2008, http://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB118_07-04_%20COMPapr07_07-07.pdf AASB 101, Presentation of Financial Statements, Australian Accounting Standards Board, retrieved Oct 5, 2008, http://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_09-07.pdf AASB 102, Inventory, Australian Accounting Standards Board. AASB 132 interpretation, Intangible Assets. AASB 112 Income Taxes.

Annunciation essays

Annunciation essays I didn't think another visit to the Cloisters would mean much to me. In previous visits, I had noticed the picture on the wall or the sculpture in the corner, glanced quickly at a date or name, and moved on. This time, however, something compelled me to take a closer look, to try to understand the form and context of the works, to see into the artist's mind. I thoroughly enjoyed observing the works themselves and watching others' reactions to those works. Once there, I chose a particular object to write about, considering the formal elements and the effect on the viewer. This sharpened my visual analysis, along with my understanding of the importance of historical context. I was attracted to the stained glass because of the beauty and emotions it portrayed. It gives an accurate feel for the attitude of someone who was passionate about the craft. The panels once initiated a cycle dedicated to the Life of Christ installed in the Altenberg convent church. An unknown artist completed this German glass painting, created in Altenberg-an-der-Lahn, in 1290. It is a scene of the Annunciation, describing when the angel Gabriel is informing the Virgin Mary that she is pregnant with Jesus Christ. The Archangel Gabriel tells the Virgin Mary that she is to give birth to the Son of God. Calmness, order and simplicity are the outstanding features of this painting. Mary bows her head as she humbly accepts Gabriel's message. The painting style, with its bold slashing strokes, combined with the strong colors, makes it one of the most exceptional of the panels. It includes a sense of perception because of its three dimensional characteristics. The face of Gabriel is gentle and soft, with squinted eyes and closed lips. Mary, however, seems more intense because of the lowely-tilted position of her head. Both of the emotions portrayed show the realistic intentions of the artist. Gabriels hands extend toward Mary, while hers rest humbly at...

Public utility management in australia Term Paper

Public utility management in australia - Term Paper Example According to the Australian Government's Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia 'monitors and accounts for its greenhouse gas emissions from land based sectors in its national inventory through the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) which accounts for the methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and crop production, while theNational Carbon Accounting System(NCAS) is currently designed toward accountability of carbon emissions from agriculture, deforestation and forestry.ii Now hosting the Sixth Annual Climate Change and Business Conference 2010, Australia has consecutively shown its commitment to a global market respondent to privatization of the energy market, and competent governance of those shifts through apt structural adjustment of the nation's energy policy.iii Much of what goes into legislative policy intended for the 'public good.' Investment in environmental mitigation in the business community is typically responsive to regulatory compliance or venture capital promise. The globalization of natural resources and attendant policies has resulted in a dictatorship of the energy sector as the foremost priority within international governance. This is not to say that real political transformations amongst states have not also contributed to this new regime of power. For instance, since the collapse of the former Soviet Bloc countries, Eastern European energy resource management has been one of the core economic interests of international energy holdings vested in the transition from state to privatized incorporation. The structural adjustment policies of the 1990s, which led to privatization policies in second world economies are still affecting the administrative capacity behind energy resource distribution to populations dependent upon tho se forces of negotiation between international energy management stakeholders, and sometime corrupted or underdeveloped legal and regulatory capacity in those states.iv In Australia, the widely acceptable practice of retraction of central authority toward intense regulation of the industry by way of law, rather than volunteerism, was extended to states which now determine the regulatory relationship between energy and consumer market. Comparatively, Australia has done much in terms of promoting advancements in energy innovation as well, with an eye on technology and proximity to the Asian market, Australia is well poised to participate fully and competitively in the new global energy market. The global picture outside the region also reveals distinctions. It is through an examination of the dense regulatory structure of the United States that we can see what Australia is, and what it is not, in terms of party to international policy. Without such as radical window of comparison, in a parallel common law setting, we might not see the business, legal and political culture(s) at work in two distinct economies of scale. In the United States, where the e nergy industry has been the intense focus of scrutiny in response to high level hazard incidents, such as the Three Mile Island case. Amid reconfiguration of nuclear power as part of a matrix of alternative, 'clean air' energy options, there is a significant push toward advancement of regulatory competence. The essay focuses on the impact of the climate change

Who is driving force in the play, Macbeth, lady Macbeth or both Essay

Who is driving force in the play, Macbeth, lady Macbeth or both - Essay Example During the first parts of the play, Lady Macbeth appears to be the driving force as she influences Macbeth through manipulation and challenging into engaging in wrong activities. She encourages Macbeth to kill the king, Duncan, mainly because she knows she has a chance of becoming queen if her husband becomes king after the king’s death. Both characters are driven by their own ambitions, Macbeth into becoming king and Lady Macbeth into becoming queen. However, Macbeth seems weaker compared to his wife who wants to pull through with the murder even when he hesitates. Due to Lady Macbeth’s manipulative character, she is able to drive her husband into killing the king by challenging his manhood. In addition, she uses guilt to manipulate her husband when she says that she is going to weigh the love he has for her through his willingness to become king. Therefore, it is evident that the wife drives the play during its initial stages. Nonetheless, from the middle of the play towards its end, Macbeth is portrayed as being the driving force. His ambitious character initially was worthwhile as it brought victory to Scotland. However, as the play proceeds, it gets out of hand such that instead of being satisfied with the title he receives for Scotland’s victory, he aims for being its leader. He now wanted more power, became violent and greedy and would do anything to gain more power, including killing his own king, Banquo and later on, Macduffà ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s family. His evil ambitions first come into manifestation when he starts entertaining the thought of killing the king and even shares it with his wife. Also, he accommodates his wife’s berating, does nothing when Donalbain and Malcolm are blamed for murder, which provides his with a free access t the thrown. In addition, he orders the death of Lady Macduff and children, leads the country to war despite the suicidal mental

Last Call at the Oasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Last Call at the Oasis - Essay Example The problem at hand within the American community is hidden by the fact that water delivery is sufficient to every citizen. However, the grim reality is that the American society is faced with looming shortages in water supply if means to curb the over utilization of water is not observed. Water pollution is not a new phenomenon and its is expounded in the film raising need for conservative measures to be pursued. The world is covered with seventy percent of water content, but only a mere 0.7 percent of the total water available is fresh and fit for use. This in itself is alarming and presents a serious challenge for the country and the globe at large. Water depletion across the globe is commensurate to the rapid and steady increase in population. The American society has been secure about availability of water a scenario that has been a far cry in developing countries where access to clean water safe for consumption is a daunting task. People have to travel long distances to access different water sources as reflected in the documentary. The problem faced by people from different locations cannot be isolated from the actions of Americans as water is a global crisis. Water pollution is not a new term in conservation circles, but its amplification in the documentary necessitates consideration of alternatives to avert a looming crisis across the world. Water pollution is a phenomenon that relates to the direct contamination of different water bodies ranging from rivers, lakes, groundwater, oceans, and aquifers (Last Call at the Oasis). Water pollution poses different challenges to a population if not addressed as it not only affects human beings, but also the activities they are engaged in for the generation of revenue. Clean water is a source for a thriving community a fact that is contradicted by individual actions contributing to the pollution of water bodies. The United States is at a precarious position in the need for water conservation efforts given its le ading consumption of water status across the world. Pollution and its effects can be traced to the drops in water levels as indicated in the documentary with the example of Lake Mead, which has been used for the generation of electricity and supply of water has only forty percent of its capacity filled with water. Pollution of water within the American society and across the globe can be linked to unsustainable water use patterns. The use of water in the modern society can best be described as overly wasteful and alarming to the future generation’s ability of accessing clean and fresh water. The wasteful behaviors can be credited for the over eighty percent of water that is used for agricultural process and other food production systems a phenomenon that cuts across the globe. Water pollution and the misuse of water resources in the American society are intertwined with a fine example being activities highlighted in the documentary such flushing of toilets and watering of law ns (Dropbox). Toilets whose capacity is estimated at above six gallons contribute to the waste and pollution of water and thus such water closets should be replaced with others whose capacity is minimal. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is criticized in the documentary for the lack of clear policies regulating water usage and pollution. Water contamination takes different forms from basic pollution at the domestic level to complex

Charismatic Leadership And Transformational Leaderships Management Essay

Charismatic Leadership And Transformational Leaderships Management Essay It is the capacity of a person to inspire or attract, negotiate, charm or persuade people or other individual.. Whenever a person has a high charismatic skill level they tend to be given more attention, respected and listened to. A person who has a virtuous charisma they are helpful in leading, selling, teaching and speaking. For an example, Bill Clinton is a man with a very wonderful and strong charisma. Charisma is an acquired trait. Acquired means that a person improves themselves based on looking how another better person actions or efforts. Looking at another person with a higher charismatic level, people tend to follow them to have a greater charisma and to succeed. For a person to be an effective leader its not important that they have a very good charismatic level. As long as the person has a good idea and a high innovation level they can be an effective leader. To be an effective leader one should have a good communication skill. With this skill they can manage, lead and supervise people under them. The leader has to speak and discuss with their team in order to improve the management level. Other than that, an effective leader should have a consistency in the behavior. The leader has to treat every person fairly no matter in what position they are. Everyone will have to be treated as the same without looking at any condition. Lastly an effective leader has to have a good planning and good idea as well. They have to have an aim regarding their project or management. When they have a good idea they can manage and at the same time innovate more new projects. Is charismatic leadership the same with transformational leadership? Are both leadership concepts similar or different from each other? How does transformational leadership differ from transactional leadership? Provide evidence to your answers. (15 marks) Comparison between charismatic leadership and transformational leadership. CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Leaders inspire and charms the followers in order for them to follow People tend to follow someone or leaders who inspired them. Leaders use charm and grace to achieve target and accomplish their goals. Leaders use passion and vision in order to achieve the target and goal. Leaders will not use power or authority on the followers Leaders use power on their followers to achieve target or their goal Charismatic leadership has a short live. Transformational leadership has a long lasting live because it will be taken over by the followers. In charismatic leadership, followers are not appreciated nor given any reward for their contribution In the transformation leadership, followers are given reward and they are appreciated as well for their contribution. Charismatic leaders are those who are highly motivated and have a high self-confidence. Their actions inspire other people and this encourages them to follow them. They bring interest in their supporters and this makes them to follow the leaders. Transformational leaders brings out interest and curiosity of the followers to get a bigger view on some perspective and situation, they bring into existence of the vision of the organization and motivates the followers in order to increase their interest to bring advantage in their group. In charismatic leadership, when the leader leaves the organization or group, the followers who were inspired by them will not be able to complete the target and the vision of their leader. In transformational leadership after the leader leaves the followers will take over and accomplish the target and the vision of the leader. This will be carried on through generation without any problem. In charismatic leadership, the vision of the leaders is not accomplished by the followers but instead the followers will only give the leaders support and motivation to reach their goal. By getting the supports from the followers, the leader will get more confidence to carry on their ideas on achieving their goals. The example of leaders who used this technique is Mother Theresa and Bill Clinton. In transformational leadership, the leaders will motivate the followers to achieve their goal through the way they prefer. Power is used by the leaders in order to reach the goal and target of the group. The example of a leader who follows this technique is Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart. From this we can conclude that Charismatic Leadership differs from Transformational Leadership. Comparison between Transformational and Transactional leadership Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership The leaders induce emotions on their followers so that they will be motivated and leads them to act more than what is given. Leaders are conscious of the connection between reward and effort Leaders take initiative to widen the interest in the followers The leaders are responsible to deal with current issues The followers are giving a chance to learn and solve problems Leaders motivated the followers by giving them rewards when their performances are satisfying Transactional leadership is a leadership where the employees have to agree to whatever idea which is given by the leader when the job is accepted. This leadership talks about the exchanges between a leader and employee. For an example, the organization will give reward to the employee for their hard work in meeting the goal of the company. Other than that, the employee is also given the rights to punish their workers if their work doesnt meet their expectation. Transformational leadership is a leadership where the leaders inspire their employees with a big vision of the future. The leaders inspire and give motivation to the employees to go beyond exchanges as well as rewards. The leaders in this leadership will have to increase the motivation and the confidence level in the employee so that they value the importance of their companys goal and target. Vision is created through transformational leadership and it inspired the employees to think beyond the expectations. In transactional leadership, the employees are asked to focus more on motivation on job performance. Therefore, transactional leadership involves with the exchange of rewards for the work, whereas transformational leadership involves attitudes in developing the employees to finish the task. With reference to relevant academic publications, discuss what strong culture means and whether it leads to higher level of business performance. What types of organizational culture identified by academic authors are considered to impede business progress? Strong culture is an organization in which the values are shared around in wide span. In order for a team to achieve their goal, they need a good leadership team with a good leader. The leaders are not the only person who has to be good in the team but the partners have to take responsibility to work together in the team. Therefore a strong culture is needed to provide confidence and motivation so that the service given will be the best. Strong culture means that it unifies everybody to work together to achieve the same goal. The negative point here is that everybody will have the same way of thinking and the same behavior. All the employees will have the same idea and innovation which in return this slows down the progress of the company. When there is not enough of ideas and new innovation, this can slow down the development of the management and thus performance of business well. Organizational culture shows the personal remark of certain organization. It shows the communication between employees and management in a working place. The way the members of an organization thinks and acts is affected by organizational culture. Organizational culture involves with the weakness and strength, life experiences and education as well. William Ouchis 1981, Theory Z: How American Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge. Ouchi published Theory Z in 1981 where it explains about the key functions of the organizational effectiveness. In this theory, he talks about the art of the Japanese management as well as explaining how it adapts to the American way of management. The way managers and employees view the company, job and the working style can be changed through the theory of Ouchi. The companies should practice the theory explained by William Ouchi so that the performance of the company can be improved. It has been shown that the company which follows this theory has an improved management level in productivity. For an example, companies such as Procter and Gamble are successful companies from US which practices theory Z similar to Japanese companies. Terrance Deal and Allan Kennedys Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life . This book explains about the key function for a business to succeed. The most important keys that the companies have to pay attention on are the companys culture values, rituals and rites and the influencer of their success. For all the level of management, both Deal and Kennedy attached some guidelines which help the staff to recover their own corporate culture and to use the power to influence business as well. Mats Alvesson, Understanding Organizational Culture Culture is always brought up within the management and organization. This book explain on the alternative perspective available, the definiton and how the leadership can be expanded and changed in the management. Alvesson helps the students to understand the field of organizational culture, drawing upon the range of relevant literature within Organization Studies. Thomas Peters and Robert Watermans In Search of Excellence. In search of excellence a book wrote by thomas peters and robert waterman they talk about 8 themes which is a bias for action active decision making .close to the cutomer ,autonomy and entrepreneurship,productivity through people,hands-on,value-driven,stick to the kniting,simple form lean stuff and simultaneous loose tight properties.this book simplify this eight basic principles wich helps companies to improve the management level.

American Civil War Blunders and Diplomatic Failures Essay -- Union, Co

"War does not determine who is right - only who is left." --Bertrand Russell In the middle of the 19th century the United States was engaged in one of the bloodiest conflicts in the history of the nation known as the American Civil War. The U.S. was at war with a first time enemy known as the Confederate States of America. The southern states had succeeded from the Union and with the battle of Fort Sumter, the war had begun. Both the Union and the Confederates had one goal in mind, respectively. For the North it was to defeat the rebellious states and bring them back into the Union and for the South it was to achieve recognition as an independent country from abroad. The war lasted four years and resulted in over one million casualties including over 600,000 deaths for both sides combined. This was all due to the fact that the North and the South would continue to make mistakes through the four years that would lead to the prolonging of the war. Actions taken by both the Union and the Confederacy resulted in the hurting of their diplomatic goals abroad, thus hurting the ultimate achievement of their goals. One of the first steps that the Confederacy took to hinder its goal of independence would actually happen several years before the start of the war. With the possibility of a conflict with the northern states looming largely in the minds of the citizens in the southern states, precautions began to be put into place. With this, the idea of what would later become known as the King Cotton policy was beginning to be accepted. In a speech given by a former Senator James H. Hammond of South Carolina in 1858, Hammond described the importance of the southern crop and that a lack of cotton being exported would do much more damage... ...ssed November 22, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/cotton Dattel, Gene. "THE SOUTHS Mighty Gamble on King Cotton." American Heritage 60, no. 2 (Summer2010 2010): 12-16. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed November 22, 2014). Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 344. Hammond, James. Selections from the Letters and Speeches of the Hon. James H. Hammond of South Carolina (New York: John F. Trow & Company Printers, 1866), 311-312. Hoptak, John D. The Battle of South Mountain, (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011), 16-19. Prime Minister Palmerston, letter to Queen Victoria, December 5, 1861. "The Emancipation Proclamation." Emancipation Proclamation (Primary Source Document) (January 7, 2009): 1. Points of View Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed December 7, 2014).

Building a Local Fashion Brand

Executive Summary This report is prepared on the basis of a survey on a local fashion brand (Dishes Doss), & it's a survey to building this brand as a strong brand. The concept of branding has been around for centuries as a meaner to distinguish the goods of one producer from those of another. In fact the word brand is derived from the Old Norse word brander, which meaner â€Å"to burn,† as brands were and still are the meaner. Brands identify the source or maker of a product and allow consumers to assign responsibility to a particular manufacturer or distributor. Most important, brands take on special meaning to consumers.Because of past experiences with the product and its marketing program over these years, consumers find out which brands satisfy their needs and which one do not. As a result, brands provide a shortened device or meaner of simplification for their product decisions. Building a brand is a step by step process. There are four steps or six blocks to build up a brand. Here we applied all the steps or blocks to find out the present brand situation of Dishes Doss. In order of these steps or blocks we made a questioner of 69 questions ; held a survey on 50 people.After the survey we convert the result onto percentage and put it into graph to show the situation. The topic has been selected to building some local fashion brands (dishes Doss). A major objective of the report is to make customer based equity for these brands. After studying the steps of a brand building, we surveyed the information of these brands, on the basis of brand building. 1. 1 . Introduction: To build up a brand two questions often arises: What makes a brand strong? And how do you build a strong brand? To help to find out we study about the CUBE model which has four steps or six blocks.Beside this marketer face two questions are: What o different brands mean to customer? And how does the brand knowledge of consumers affect their response to marketing activity? The challen ge for marketers in building a strong brand is ensuring that customers have the right type of experiences with products and services and their accompanying marketing programs so that the desired thoughts, feelings, images, beliefs, perceptions, opinions, and so on become linked to the brand. 1. 2. Origin of the report: Brand is a very sensitive issue to the marketing people and is a very important issue to the customer.Because a strong brand can create a very highly demand of a reduce of a particular brand. To build up a strong brand one should to know so many things, ; he/she have to go with a four step procedures. And in this report we tried to focus on building a brand as a strong brand for that we select a local fashion brand. 1. 3. Objectives of the study: We make a study to know the Brand identity, meaning, response, relationship with the customers. We tried to know that is the customers are satisfied, dissatisfied, confused about the brand, its service, products and the overa ll factors.The core or the main objective of the study is to building a local fashion brand. To find the robbers, and scope of a local fashion brand ; build it as a strong brand. 1. 4. Methodology: We make a survey on Dishes Doss, which is a local fashion brand with ten famous local fashion brands. We make a questioner consisting 69 questions, on the basis of brand building in categories. Then take a sample of 50 people of different age, gender, ; occupation who use these brands. After getting the answers, we measured the level of satisfaction, dissatisfaction, confusion on different level of brand building. . 5. Limitations of the study: We are in our formal education stage. So this is our first assignment which is n the basis of the practical experience in real life. So, our lack of experience greatly influenced in preparing this report. We faced some other limitations that are given bellow: * It is too much difficult to comment and suggest based on few days study. Assignment repo rt is important to fulfill the Brand Management course, but we do not have enough time for such a detailed process. * Lack of collecting essential data ; information. * The survey is not 100% accurate. The four steps of brand building: The four steps of brand building represent a set of questions that customers invariably ask about brands. The questions are as follows: 1. Who are you? (Brand identity) 2. What are you? (Brand meaning) 3. What about you? What do I think or feel about you? (Brand response) 4. What about you ; me? What kind of association and how much of a connection would I like to have with you? (Brand relationships) By establishing the answer of these questions marketer can build a strong brand in the market among the customers.When customers get a clear answer of their question from the marketer then it become easy to make a decision about the brand. When marketer able to establish he answer of the question then they are on the way of building a strong brand. 2. 1. 1 . Brand Identity/salience: Achieving the right brand identity meaner brand salience with the customers. Brand salience measure awareness of the brand, that indicate is the customer are aware of the brand or not? Or how often and how easily the brand is identified by the customer in order of various situations and circumstances?We have said that brand awareness refers to customer ability to recall and recognize the brand under different conditions and to link the brand name, logo, symbol, and so forth to certain association in memory. Here we will know about the depth and the breadth of awareness thus gives the product an identity by linking brand elements to a product category and associated purchase and consumption or usage situations. Brand depth measure that how likely or easily the brand element come to the mind of customers ; brand breadth measure the range of purchase ; usage situation in which the brand element come to the mind. . 1. 2. Brand Meaning/Performance ; Imagery: The brand performance describe how well the product or service meets customers' more functional needs. How well does the brand rate on objective assessments of laity? To what extent does the brand satisfy utilitarian, aesthetic, and economic customer needs and wants in the product or service category? Five types of attributes and benefits often underlie brand performance, as follows: 1. Primary ingredients and supplementary features. 2. Product reliability, durability, and serviceability. 3. Service effectiveness, efficiency, and empathy. 4.Style and design. 5. Price. 2. 1. 3. Brand Response/]judgment & feelings: Brand image indicate a brand picture in a customer mind. Brand imagery depends on the extrinsic properties of the producer or service, including the ways in which the rand attempts to meet customer psychological or social needs. In this way people think about a brand abstractly, rather then what they think the brand actually does. Thus imagery refers to more intangible aspe cts of the brand, and consumers can form imagery association directly from their own experience or indirectly through some other source of information.Many kinds of intangibles can be linked to a brand, but four main ones are: 1. User profiles. 2. Purchase and usage situations. 3. Personality and values. 4. History, heritage, and experiences. Brand Judgments are customers' personal opinions about and evaluations of the rand, which consumers form by putting together all the different brand performance and imagery associations. The four types of brand Judgments are important, they are: 1 . Judgment about brand quality, 2. Brand Credibility, 3. Brand Consideration, 4. Brand Superiority. 2. 1. 4.Brand Relationship/Resonance: Brand resonance describes the nature of the relationship and the extent to which customers feel that they are ‘in sync' with the brands. Resonance is characterized in terms of intensity, or the depth of psychological bonds that customers have with the brands, as well as the level of activity engendered by this loyalty.

Decriminalization of Prostitution

Prostitution has been around since the time of the early European settlers. It has been considered a social norm in many countries, while in others; it has been considered to be morally wrong and taboo. Canada, for example, has decriminalized prostitution, but the activities relating to it, such as soliciting, communicating and procuring, are illegal. Many parts of the United States have criminalized prostitution. Regulating prostitution through the state would eliminate many of the harms associated with prostitution.Also, prostitution provides a means of financial income and sexual gratification in cases where it cannot otherwise be acquired. Lastly, people have the right to work as they please, and this includes selling one’s body if they so choose. With all of this being said, the decriminalization of prostitution positively affects Canadian society, and it would likely benefit other countries which have not yet decriminalized it. The conception that prostitution is highly dangerous is partially due to the fact that it has not been decriminalized in many places.Alarming stories of rapes, robberies and STD transmissions have lead people to believe that prostitution is an evil and harmful act. However, this ‘dark side’ of prostitution can be alleviated if prostitution is controlled and monitored. Decriminalization of prostitution will help ease the amount of people partaking in transactions in shady, unsafe areas. With regulation comes the alleviation of organized crime and underage individuals prostituting themselves. Legal prostitution between consenting adults does not pose any direct threat to themselves or society.Exploitation, abuse, diseases, and many other negative factors can be safely managed if the state treats prostitutes as real workers. Prostitutes would be protected by the state by having regular STD checks, being taxed, and being protected by a regulated system. In places where prostitution has already been decriminalized: S ex work is officially recognised and dealt with as a legitimate occupation: sex workers are entitled to a number of employment-related protections under the law and local authorities are required to ensure that brothels are suitably licensed, and operating in accordance with relevant health and safety requirements.The issue with prostitution being a criminal offence is that there are no institutions or programs that are enforced to protect prostitutes from the harms that they sometimes encounter. Governing the acts of prostitutes will ensure the safety of the prostitute, the customer, and society. Prostitution requires working shifts in exchange for income, which makes it a legitimate job. People within a society have the freedom to work in whichever profession that they wish to participate in.The Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) is an area of industrial relations that encompasses the fundamental right of employees not to have their health put at risk through the normal requiremen ts of their work. The application oh OHS to legal prostitution would eliminate the harms and hazards of the job. The decriminalization of prostitution can be justified by the ideology that it is a harmless act between two willing and consenting adults. While there are prostitutes who do not enjoy their work, there are far more who are quite content with the job because of the lifestyle and income it can provide for them.Although prostitution is frowned upon and viewed as a controversial topic, it can provide people with jobs who otherwise would have no means of financial stability. It keeps potentially homeless individuals from living in the streets. However, without legalization, these people often end up being fined or imprisoned for trying to establish an income for themselves. Jobs are very difficult to come by in today’s working world. In some cases, prostitution is the only job available to those who are lacking a necessary education.Women’s involvement in prosti tution demonstrates that prostitution is a gendered survival strategy often used by poor women trying to create a better future for them and their dependents. Denying people the right to work as they please is putting them in further danger by risking their safety, health and general well-being. With regards to the customers of prostitutes, they are often lonely individuals who have no other means of friendship or sexual gratification unless they use the services of a prostitute. Single men sometimes have low self-esteem, causing them to be lonely and unable to pursue non-prostitutes.For them, they look to prostitutes for company first, and for sex secondarily. This does not cause any harm to the prostitute or the customer, as long as the prostitute has valid protection and both parties have consented to the act. This is a positive outlet for both the prostitute and the customer to achieve the needs they are aiming to fulfill. The most eminent argument against the legalization of pr ostitution is that it is â€Å"morally wrong† for one to sell their body. Many religions have the belief that God owns a person’s body until they are married, at which point they may share it with their spouse.However, not every person is religious, and not everyone agrees with this. The reality is that every individual is responsible for their own actions and has the right to use their bodies for whatever purpose they see fit, whether it is child bearing, donating an organ, or prostitution. The concept of legalizing prostitution relates to the controversial topic of pro-choice abortion, which states that only the woman herself can decide what she wants to do with her body; it is her personal choice. With the regulation of prostitution through the state, underage prostitutes would be more closely monitored and detached from the profession.This means that only consenting adults – not children – would be legally allowed to prostitute themselves. Adults are able to understand the possible consequences of their actions – consequences that will not be as heavy of a burden once prostitution is decriminalized within a society. It is not the state’s position to become involved in what two adults choose to do in their spare time as long as no one is being directly harmed. The harms will never completely cease to exist; however, with regulation, many issues can be minimized.Everyone has different values and morals, and because prostitution is a victimless crime, there is no need to criticize these morals or criminalize the actions that go along with them. Whether prostitution is really a â€Å"moral wrong† is debatable, and perhaps in an ideal world, it would not exist at all. However, this is not an ideal world – there are issues that will continue to arise regardless of attempts to control and stop them. It is justified to believe that decriminalizing prostitution is beneficial to society, as it creates far more pros than cons.It would be in society’s best interest to keep prostitution under control rather than to keep it criminalized, because without legalization, people will continue to act upon their sexual and emotional needs in hazardous ways. Finally, human beings are at liberty to both work as they please, and treat their bodies as they please. The sex trade is something that has been around for a long time, and it will continue to exist as long as human beings have needs – therefore, it can be sustained that the decriminalization of prostitution allows society to be better off.

Darwins Black Box essays

Darwin's Black Box essays Dr. H. Allen Orr is a Professor of Biology at University of Rochester who studies the genetic changes underlying evolution. He is particularly interested in the genetics of speciation and the genetics of adaptation. Allen Orr wrote an article criticizing Michael Behe saying  ¡Ã‚ °The latest attack on evolution is cleverly argued, biologically informed C and wrong. ¡ Before starting out with his argument Orr admits that Behe ¡Ã‚ ¯s book is after all a creationist ¡Ã‚ ¯s ¡Ã‚ ¯ dream come true, and that no one can deny Behe ¡Ã‚ ¯s grasp of biochemistry. Orr says, unlike a few previous biologists who have taken aim at Darwin, Behe is the real thing, even though he tries to prove Behe wrong. What ¡Ã‚ ¯s different about Behe from his less-sophisticated brethren, according to Orr, is that Behe does not deny evolution. Orr takes Behe seriously; hence this is the reason why he wrote the article. Orr is interested why Behe feels he is especially qualified to critique Darwinism. He says to a historian or an electrician Behe certainly looks qualified since he is a  ¡Ã‚ °Biologist ¡. But it is not that simple. By turning the table around Orr starts a new argument saying  ¡Ã‚ °If I, an evolutionary biologist, were to announce that biochemistry is deeply flawed C I ¡Ã‚ ¯ve shown for instance, that enzymes are not catalysts C I doubt I ¡Ã‚ ¯d get a listen. I surely wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t get a publisher. Why is everyone an expert witness when the topic is Darwinism but not when it ¡Ã‚ ¯s biochemistry? ¡ The answer is complicated, but a few things are clear. First, Darwinism matters. Many people will inevitably have questions about Darwinism because many people will inevitably think about it. Secondly, this has more to do with our education system at American Universities where there is a striking asymmetry in molecular versus evolutionary education. Although many science and all biology students are required to endure molecular courses, but even a...

GM business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

GM business report - Essay Example US president Barack Obama is not willing to provide any governmental aid to the company as he believes that first there should be serious restructuring plan before providing any financial aid. The company has decided to down size its workforce as a process of reorganisation. Moreover GM decided to sell its European arm Opel and Vauxhall to Magna International, a Canadian automobile parts manufacturer and supplier. After a long biding process Magna was selected and it was expected that Magna would invest around 700 million dollar into Opel. It was also expected that with this huge investment would create over 25,000 jobs in Germany. But in the later half of this year GM again decided that it would keep Opel with itself and cancelled that entire plan. The company has been going through such a situation over the past few months which it has never been before. It is been a century that GM is one of the largest automotive companies in the world. It was holding the number one position in terms of sales for 77 long years before Toyota surpassing it in 2008. Today there are 235,000 employees in the company. GM is operating business in 140 different countries while in 34 countries it has production facilities. Primary activities are directly involved in creating and delivering values and support activities are not directly associated in the process of value creation but play important role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness (Tutor2u, n.d.). General Motors has strong value chain which enables the company to be at the top for almost a century. GM’s inbound logistics are very strong as the company maintains good relations with its suppliers whom it get the inputs from. These inputs are converted into final product into its large number of production plants. It is already mentioned that the company has its production plants in almost 34 countries. Manufactured cars then reach to the buyers through a strong

Prevention to Threats and Attacks on Computer Network Assignment

Prevention to Threats and Attacks on Computer Network - Assignment Example An IDS based signature monitors the network for packets and compares them against signatures or known threats in the database. Tremendous increase of services and information that is sensitive on networks has made security very important. However, the more network technologies have developed, the more network attacks have increased in severity and numbers. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can effectively provide network security by preventing, detecting, and possibly fighting attacks. Such systems monitor sources of activities while employing various security techniques. Therefore, they ought to be precise in quickly defining attacks, in training and generating very few positives. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) monitor networks for intrusions or attacks, reporting them to the administrator for necessary activity. A NIDS server that is large enough may be created on a backbone of network, to check and asses all traffic; or other smaller systems may be created to check or asses traffic for a specific server, gateway, switch, or router. The computing environment is constantly evolving and this demands Intrusion detection products to aid in managing attacks in this changing environment. Threats can be individuals or groups that wish to compromise a computer system such as disgruntled employees, rival companies or even foreign governments and their attacks can be devastating on the network systems. Intrusion attacks are those where an attacker enters ones network to read, damage, and/or steal data (Albitz 1992). These attacks can be divided into two: Port scans: A scanner is a program that probes a system remotely to establish which TCP/UPD ports are open and if they are subject to attacks. It identifies a computer at risk within the network, find the services that are installed on the computer, and show weaknesses in operation (Hudson KURT and Stewart Michael.